MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during transcriptional regulation and latency of HIV and HTLV

Retrovirology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia (HTLV) have replicative latent stages of infection. The status the viruses is dependent on cells that harbour them different events change transcriptional post-transcriptional events. Non-coding (nc)RNAs are key factors in regulation retrovirus replication cycles. Notably, micro (mi)RNAs long non-coding (lnc)RNAs important regulators can induce switches between active transcription-replication latency retroviruses impacts their pathogenesis. Here, we review functions miRNAs lncRNAs context HIV HTLV. We describe how specific involved viruses’ transcription, latency. further discuss treatment strategies using ncRNAs for HTLV remission, reactivation or possible cure.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic Roles of RNA and RNA Epigenetics in HTLV-1 Biology

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 124 - 124

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Since the discovery of RNA in early 1900s, scientific understanding form and function has evolved beyond protein coding. Viruses, particularly retroviruses like human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), rely heavily on post-transcriptional modifications to regulate viral lifecycle, pathogenesis, evasion host immune responses. With emergence new sequencing technologies last decade, our ability dissect intricacies flourished. The study epigenetic splice variants become more feasible with recent development third-generation technologies, such as Oxford nanopore sequencing. This review will highlight dynamic roles known within HTLV-1 biology, including hbz, long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), R-loops, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications, RNA-based therapeutics vaccines.

Language: Английский

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HTLV-1 infection and microRNAs: unraveling the complex crosstalk

Infectious Agents and Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: May 23, 2025

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) retrovirus that infects millions of individuals worldwide, have caused severe diseases like adult leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Despite extensive research efforts, the underlying mechanisms leading to HTLV-1 pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. New has revealed microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in complex interplay between infection host cellular responses. This review highlights multifaceted interactions miRNAs, encompassing both viral manipulation miRNA networks miRNA-mediated Gaining comprehensive understanding interconnection miRNAs provides significant opportunity for discovering innovative therapeutic approaches creating advanced diagnostic tools aimed treatment.

Language: Английский

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Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Oncogenesis between Active Expression and Latency: A Possible Source for the Development of Therapeutic Targets

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14807 - 14807

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the only known oncogenic retrovirus. HTLV-1 can cause a of cancer called adult leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). transmitted through body fluids infected individuals, primarily breast milk, blood, and semen. At least 5–10 million people in world are with HTLV-1. In addition to ATL, infection also HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). ATL characterized by low viral expression poor prognosis. mechanism triggered extremely complex molecular pathways not fully understood. However, regulatory proteins Tax bZIP factor (HBZ) have been shown play key roles transformation HTLV-1-infected T cells. Moreover, several studies that final fate transformed Tcell clones result interplay protein cellular transcription factors subvert cell cycle disrupt regulated death, thereby exerting their transforming effects. This review provides updated information on mechanisms underlying action highlights potential therapeutic targets combat ATL.

Language: Английский

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Identification of novel miRNAs potentially involved in the pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma using WGCNA followed by RT-qPCR test of hub genes

Infectious Agents and Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

Adult T-cell Lymphoma/Leukemia (ATLL) is characterized by the malignant proliferation of T-cells in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and a high mortality rate. Considering emerging roles microRNAs (miRNAs) various malignancies, analysis high-throughput miRNA data employing computational algorithms helps to identify potential biomarkers.Weighted gene co-expression network was utilized analyze microarray from ATLL healthy uninfected samples. To miRNAs involved progression ATLL, module preservation used. Subsequently, based on target genes identified miRNAs, STRING database employed construct protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN). Real-time quantitative PCR also performed validate expression hub PPIN network.After constructing modules then performing analysis, four out 15 were determined as ATLL-specific modules. Next, including hsa-miR-18a-3p, has-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-196a-3p, hsa-miR-346 found miRNAs. The constructed for each identified. Among them, UBB, RPS15A, KMT2D validated Reverse-transcriptase patients.The results their revealed major players pathogenesis ATLL. Further studies are required confirm role these molecular factors discover benefits treatment targets diagnostic biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Oncogenesis between Active Expression and Latency: A Possible Source for the Development of Therapeutic Targets

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the only known oncogenic retrovirus. HTLV-1 can cause a cancer called adult leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). transmitted through body fluids of infected individuals, primarily breast milk, blood, and semen. At least 5–10 million people in world are with HTLV-1. In addition to ATL, infection also HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM /TSP). ATL characterized by low viral ex-pression poor prognosis. oncogenesis triggered extremely complex molecular mechanisms not fully understood. However, regulatory proteins Tax bZIP factor (HBZ) have been shown play key roles transformation HTLV-1-infected T cells. Moreover, several studies that final fate transformed cell clones result interplay protein expression cellular transcription factors subvert cycle disrupt reg-ulated death, thereby exerting their transforming effects. This review provides updated in-formation on underlying action potential therapeutic targets combat ATL.

Language: Английский

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MiR-150 in HTLV-1 infection and T-cell transformation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 16, 2022

Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that persistently infects CD4+ T-cells, and the causative agent of adult leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) several inflammatory diseases. transformation by HTLV-1 driven multiple interactions between viral regulatory proteins host cell pathways govern proliferation survival. Studies performed over last decade have revealed alterations in expression many microRNAs HTLV-1-infected cells ATLL cells, identified microRNA targets with roles life cycle turnover. This review centers on miR-150-5p, whose temporally regulated during lymphocyte development altered hematological malignancies. The levels miR-150-5p are reduced HTLV-1-transformed- ATLL-derived lines. Experiments these lines showed downregulation results activation transcription factor STAT1, which direct target miRNA. However, data freshly isolated samples suggestive its upregulation compared to controls. These apparently puzzling findings highlight need for more in-depth studies role infection pathogenesis based knowledge miR-150-5p-target mRNA mechanisms regulating function normal leukocytes hematologic neoplasms.

Language: Английский

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Illuminating (HTLV-1)-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma transcriptomic signature: A systems virology approach

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 338, P. 199237 - 199237

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a poor prognosis malignancy of peripheral T-cells caused by human leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The low survival rates observed in the patients are result lack sufficient knowledge about disease pathogenesis.In present study, we first identified differentially expressed genes ATLL and cellular signaling pathways affected them. Then, these were subjected to more comprehensive evaluations, including WGCNA module validation studies on five external datasets. Finally, potential biomarkers selected for qRT-PCR validation.Thirteen pathways, Apoptosis, Human infection, IL-17 pathway, cancer, T cell receptor Th1 Th2 differentiation, seven others deeper investigations. Results our in-depth bioinformatics highlighted related regulation immune responses, activation, receptors messengers, Wnt apoptosis as key players pathogenesis. MAPK3, PIK3CD, KRAS, NFKB1, TNF, PLCB3, PLCB2, PLCB1, MAPK11, JUN, ITPR1, ADCY1, GNAQ, ADCY3, ADCY4, CHEK1, CCND1, SOS2, BAX, FOS GNA12 possible biomarkers. Upregulation ADCY1 ADCY3 was confirmed via qRT-PCR.In this performed deep bioinformatic examination limited set with high probabilities involvement pathogenesis ATLL. Our results roles formation resistance against current treatment strategies. Further required test benefits targets treatment.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs And Long Non-Coding RNAs In T-Cell Lymphoma: Mechanisms, Pathway, Therapeutic Opportunities

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 266, P. 155769 - 155769

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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