Mechanisms of Cadmium Neurotoxicity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 16558 - 16558

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Cadmium is a heavy metal that increasingly contaminates food and drink products. Once ingested, cadmium exerts toxic effects pose significant threat to human health. The nervous system particularly vulnerable prolonged, low-dose exposure. This review article provides an overview of cadmium’s primary mechanisms neurotoxicity. gains entry into the via zinc calcium transporters, altering homeostasis for these ions. within system, disrupts mitochondrial respiration by decreasing ATP synthesis increasing production reactive oxygen species. also impairs normal neurotransmission neurotransmitter release asynchronicity disrupting signaling proteins. furthermore blood–brain barrier alters regulation glycogen metabolism. Together, represent multiple sites biochemical perturbation result in cumulative damage which can increase risk neurological neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding way its critical developing effective treatment prevention strategies against cadmium-induced neurotoxic insult.

Language: Английский

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Cadmium Exposure: Mechanisms and Pathways of Toxicity and Implications for Human Health

Toxics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 388 - 388

Published: May 26, 2024

Cadmium (Cd), a prevalent environmental contaminant, exerts widespread toxic effects on human health through various biochemical and molecular mechanisms. This review encapsulates the primary pathways which Cd inflicts damage, including oxidative stress induction, disruption of Ca2+ signaling, interference with cellular signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications. By detailing absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) Cd, alongside its interactions components such as mitochondria DNA, this paper highlights extensive damage caused by Cd2+ at tissue levels. The role in inducing stress—a pivotal mechanism behind toxicity—is discussed emphasis how it disrupts balance between oxidants antioxidants, leading to apoptosis. Additionally, covers Cd’s impact like Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB), Tumor 53 (p53) illustrating these contributes pathological conditions carcinogenesis. DNA methylation histone modifications, are also explored explain long-term gene expression disease manifestation. comprehensive analysis not only elucidates mechanisms toxicity but underscores critical need for enhanced strategies mitigate public implications.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Cadmium Pollution on Human Health: A Narrative Review

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 225 - 225

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive environmental and industrial toxin that poses significant health risks. It readily moves through soil–plant systems, leading to global contamination human exposure diet, smoking, pollution. The main purpose of this review explore the effect Cd on physiological processes different bodies’ organs, including bones, kidneys, liver, as well immune, cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, reproductive systems. Accumulation in body can result poisoning with severe impacts bone kidney health, reduced mineral density due renal damage. Research has linked lung cancer pulmonary toxicity, elevated urinary biomarkers suggest compromised function. also affects immune systems; liver; contributing various diseases by disrupting blood pressure calcium regulation, causing oxidative stress DNA damage, impairing cell functions. Ongoing research essential fully understand Cd-induced toxicological effects develop effective interventions prevent mitigate

Language: Английский

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Nitric Oxide-Mediated Regulation of Chitinase Activity and Cadmium Sequestration in the Response of Schizophyllum commune to Cadmium Stress

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 470 - 470

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Schizophyllum commune is an edible fungus with high medicinal value, but exposure to heavy-metal pollution poses significant health risks. Cadmium (Cd) toxicity inhibits fungal growth and leads Cd accumulation in the mycelium. However, regulatory mechanisms of Cd-induced inhibition remain poorly understood. Here, S. 20R-7-F01 was cultured Cd-supplemented minimal medium (MM) investigate response exposure. We found that resulted a Cd-dependent increase endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels. NO production primarily mediated by nitrate reductase (NR) pathway. alleviated inhibiting NR activity or scavenging NO, highlighting role stress responses. Furthermore, enhance chitinase activity, thereby promoting cell wall leading inhibition. These results reveal novel mechanism which copes stress. This study highlights potential manipulating levels as strategy tolerance pollution, providing new avenue for managing environmental stresses fungi protecting human health.

Language: Английский

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Activation of NLRP3 signaling contributes to cadmium-induced bone defects, associated with autophagic flux obstruction

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 893, P. 164787 - 164787

Published: June 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Human Health Effects of Chronic Cadmium Exposure

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous unnecessary transition metal that harmful to people and animals. naturally prevalent in the environment frequently obtained from agriculture industrial processes. Humans are typically exposed Cd through filthy food water, inhalation, cigarette smoking. stored plants animals has lengthy half-life of 25–30 years. Observational l evidence suggests occupational environmental exposure may be connected malignancies breast, lung, prostate, nasopharynx, pancreas, kidney, as well an increased risk osteoporosis. Because their capacity generate metallothioneins (MT), which Cd-inducible proteins protect cells, liver kidneys particularly sensitive effects Cd. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress likely contribute variety kidney illnesses, mitochondrial damage possible mechanism, these organelles play important role generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellular targets for The determination dietary consumption critical step estimating body burden associated health consequences. Chronic known have substantial influence on kidneys, most vulnerable toxicity. Urinary (UC), proportional relationship between accumulation excretion via urine, reliable indicator exposure. This chapter outlines numerous pathways exposure, impact human health, use several biomarkers measure

Language: Английский

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Cadmium toxicity and autophagy: a review

BioMetals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 609 - 629

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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SIRT1 alleviates Cd nephrotoxicity through NF-κB/p65 deacetylation–mediated pyroptosis in rat renal tubular epithelial cells

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 929, P. 172392 - 172392

Published: April 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cadmium exposure induced neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive deficits via the mtROS-ferritinophagy pathway

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 349, P. 123958 - 123958

Published: April 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Combined Molecular Toxicity Mechanism of Heavy Metals Mixtures

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

This chapter delves into the combined molecular toxicity mechanisms of heavy metal mixtures, focusing on their pervasive presence due to industrial activities and impact human health. The authors highlight significance bioaccumulation metals through ingestion inhalation, which can lead various health implications. highlights multifaceted effects mixtures cardiovascular system, contributing diseases like atherosclerosis hypertension oxidative stress vascular inflammation. It details interactions these with proteins, particularly inhibition ATPases promotion damage, leading dysfunction. briefly touches upon link between cadmium exposure prostate cancer, emphasizing need for further investigation underlying this association. Additionally, it mentions potential zinc sulfate olfactory neuron subtypes in adult fish, suggesting that disrupt sensory systems aquatic organisms. Moreover, explores neurotoxicity metals, discussing nervous system neurodevelopmental disorders. also examines male female reproductive systems, evidence disruptions hormone levels, sperm quality, fertility. call enhanced monitoring levels general population better understand its They emphasize research by contribute health, inform clinical treatments public interventions. By highlighting bioaccumulation, stress, time-dependent responses, study sheds light urgent intervention strategies mitigate adverse environment.

Language: Английский

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