Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors DOI Creative Commons
José Pimenta, Justina Prada, Isabel Pires

et al.

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 77 - 77

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Equine melanocytic tumors are common and have an unusual benign behavior with low invasiveness metastatic rates. However, tumoral mass growth is usually a concern that can life-threatening consequences. COX-2 related to oncogenesis, promoting neoplastic cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis. The aim of this study was evaluate the immunohistochemical expression in equine tumors. Through extension intensity labeling, 39 melanocytomas 38 melanomas were evaluated. Of malignant tumors, 13.2% negative 63.2% presented expression. Only 6 >50% labeled cells, 18 8 had between 21 50%, 3 20%, 1 tumor 5%, 5 28 no Malignant showed higher than did statistically significant differences. levels may be one molecular reasons for presence expansive instead invasive pattern other species, which high levels.

Language: Английский

BRAF Mutations in Melanoma: Biological Aspects, Therapeutic Implications, and Circulating Biomarkers DOI Open Access

Giorgia Castellani,

Mariachiara Buccarelli, Maria Beatrice Arasi

et al.

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 4026 - 4026

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from the malignant transformation melanocytes. Recent therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have improved prognosis outcome melanoma patients. BRAF one most frequently mutated oncogenes recognised in melanoma. The frequent oncogenic mutations consist a single point mutation at codon 600 (mostly V600E) that leads to constitutive activation BRAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signalling pathway. Therefore, has become useful target for molecular use kinase inhibitors shown promising results. However, several resistance mechanisms invariably develop leading failure. aim this manuscript review role mutational status pathogenesis its impact on differentiation inflammation. Moreover, focuses responsible therapies BRAF-mutated provides overview circulating biomarkers tumour cells, DNA, non-coding RNAs.

Language: Английский

Citations

60
Molecular Frontiers in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Advances DOI Open Access
Hyun Jee Kim, Yeong Ho Kim

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2984 - 2984

Published: March 4, 2024

Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis have shed light on genetic epigenetic changes that drive melanoma development. This review provides an overview of these developments, focusing mechanisms genesis. It highlights how mutations, particularly the BRAF, NRAS, c-KIT, GNAQ/GNA11 genes, affect critical signaling pathways. The evolution diagnostic techniques, such as genomics, transcriptomics, liquid biopsies, biomarkers for early detection prognosis, also discussed. therapeutic landscape has transformed with targeted therapies immunotherapies, improving patient outcomes. paper examines efficacy, challenges, prospects treatments, including recent clinical trials emerging strategies. potential novel treatment strategies, neoantigen vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, microbiome interactions, nanoparticle-based combination therapy, explored. These emphasize challenges therapy resistance importance personalized medicine. underlines necessity evidence-based selection managing increasing global incidence melanoma.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Mechanisms of Melanoma Progression and Treatment Resistance: Role of Cancer Stem-like Cells DOI Open Access

Youssef Al Hmada,

Robert T. Brodell,

Naji Kharouf

et al.

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 470 - 470

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Melanoma is the third most common type of skin cancer, characterized by its heterogeneity and propensity to metastasize distant organs. a heterogeneous tumor, composed genetically divergent subpopulations, including small fraction melanoma-initiating cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) many non-cancer stem (non-CSCs). CSCs are their unique surface proteins associated with aberrant signaling pathways causal or consequential relationship tumor progression, drug resistance, recurrence. Melanomas also harbor significant alterations in functional genes (BRAF, CDKN2A, NRAS, TP53, NF1). Of these, BRAF NRAS oncogenes, 50% melanomas demonstrating mutation (BRAF

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Topical transdermal administration of lenalidomide nanosuspensions-based hydrogels against melanoma: In vitro and in vivo studies DOI
Meng‐Di Zhang, Haiying Qiu, Zheyi Han

et al.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics X, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100316 - 100316

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The Keratinocyte in the Picture Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment DOI Open Access
Ramona Marrapodi, Barbara Bellei

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 913 - 913

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Melanoma progression is a multistep evolution from common melanocytic nevus through radial superficial growth phase, the invasive vertical phase finally leading to metastatic dissemination into distant organs. aggressiveness largely depends on propensity metastasize, which means capacity escape physiological microenvironment since tissue damage due primary melanoma lesions generally modest. Physiologically, epidermal melanocytes are attached basement membrane, and their adhesion/migration under control of surrounding keratinocytes. Thus, compartment represents first responsible for spread. This complex process involves cell-cell contact broad range secreted bioactive molecules. Invasion, or at beginning microinvasion, implies breakdown dermo-epidermal membrane followed by migration neoplastic cells in papillary dermis. Correspondingly, several experimental evidences documented structural functional rearrangement entire neoplasm that some way reflects atypia tumor cells. Lastly, must support proliferation survival outside normal epidermal-melanin units. task presumably mostly delegated fibroblasts ultimately self-autonomous review will discuss remodeling occurs epidermis during formation as well skin changes occur independently hyperproliferation having possible pro-tumoral features.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
CD133-Dependent Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase /AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance DOI Creative Commons
Naji Kharouf,

Thomas W. Flanagan,

Abdulhadi A. AlAmodi

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 240 - 240

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Melanoma frequently harbors genetic alterations in key molecules leading to the aberrant activation of PI3K and its downstream pathways. Although role PI3K/AKT/mTOR melanoma progression drug resistance is well documented, targeting pathway showed less efficiency clinical trials than might have been expected, since suppression PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway-induced feedback loops mostly associated with compensatory pathways such as MAPK/MEK/ERK. Consequently, development intrinsic acquired can occur. As a solid tumor, notorious for heterogeneity. This be expressed form genetically divergent subpopulations including small fraction cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) non-cancer stem (non-CSCs) that make most tumor mass. Like other CSCs, (MSCs) are characterized by their unique cell surface proteins/stemness markers In addition function robust marker stemness properties, CD133 crucial maintenance properties resistance. Herein, CD133-dependent regulation progression, resistance, recurrence reviewed.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Peroxiredoxin-2 represses NRAS-mutated melanoma cells invasion by modulating EMT markers DOI Open Access
Isabella Harumi Yonehara Noma,

Larissa Anastacio da Costa Carvalho,

Denisse Esther Mallaupoma Camarena

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 116953 - 116953

Published: July 1, 2024

The second most common mutation in melanoma occurs NRAS oncogene, being a more aggressive disease that has no effective approved treatment. Besides, cellular plasticity limits better outcomes of the advanced and therapy-resistant patients. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) control processes through direct hydrogen peroxide oxidation or by redox-relaying processes. Here, we demonstrated PRDX2 could act as modulator multiple EMT markers NRAS-mutated melanomas. knockdown lead to phenotypic changes towards invasion human reconstructed skin treatment with PRDX mimetic (gliotoxin), decreased migration PRDX2-deficient cells. We also confirmed favorable clinical outcome patients expressing large primary cohort. This study contributes our knowledge about genes involved phenotype switching opens new perspective for biomarker target

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Peroxidasin is associated with a mesenchymal-like transcriptional phenotype and promotes invasion in metastatic melanoma DOI Creative Commons
Carlos C. Smith-Díaz, Abhishek Kumar, Andrew B. Das

et al.

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Comprehensive Breslow thickness (BT)-based analysis to identify biological mechanisms associated with melanoma pathogenesis DOI
Yuanjie Liu, Qing Liu, Jiaqi Li

et al.

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 114065 - 114065

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Advances in Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy of Malignant Melanoma DOI Creative Commons
Xue Wang, Shanshan Ma,

Shuting Zhu

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 225 - 225

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Malignant melanoma (MM) is a malignant tumor, resulting from mutations in melanocytes of the skin and mucous membranes. Its mortality rate accounts for 90% all dermatologic tumor mortality. Traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy are unable to achieve expected results due MM's low sensitivity, high drug resistance, toxic side effects. As treatment advances, immunotherapy targeted therapy have made significant breakthroughs MM demonstrated promising application prospects. However, heterogeneity immune response causes more than half patients not benefit clinical therapy, which delays patient's condition them suffer adverse events' The combination can help improve therapeutic effects, delay mitigate This review provides comprehensive overview current development status research progress checkpoints, genes, their inhibitors, with view providing reference MM.

Language: Английский

Citations

0