Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(6), P. 5352 - 5352
Published: March 10, 2023
More
than
three
years
ago,
the
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
Coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
caused
unforeseen
COVID-19
pandemic
with
millions
of
deaths.
In
meantime,
SARS-CoV-2
has
become
endemic
and
is
now
part
repertoire
viruses
causing
seasonal
severe
respiratory
infections.
Due
to
several
factors,
among
them
development
immunity
through
natural
infection,
vaccination
current
dominance
seemingly
less
pathogenic
strains
belonging
omicron
lineage,
situation
stabilized.
However,
challenges
remain
possible
new
occurrence
highly
variants
remains
a
threat.
Here
we
review
development,
features
importance
assays
measuring
neutralizing
antibodies
(NAbs).
particular
focus
on
in
vitro
infection
molecular
interaction
studying
binding
receptor
domain
(RBD)
its
cognate
cellular
ACE2.
These
assays,
but
not
measurement
SARS-CoV-2-specific
per
se,
can
inform
us
whether
produced
by
convalescent
or
vaccinated
subjects
may
protect
against
thus
have
potential
predict
risk
becoming
newly
infected.
This
information
extremely
important
given
fact
that
considerable
number
subjects,
vulnerable
persons,
respond
poorly
production
antibodies.
Furthermore,
these
allow
determine
evaluate
virus-neutralizing
capacity
induced
vaccines
administration
plasma-,
immunoglobulin
preparations,
monoclonal
antibodies,
ACE2
synthetic
compounds
be
used
for
therapy
assist
preclinical
evaluation
vaccines.
Both
types
relatively
quickly
adapted
emerging
virus
about
magnitude
cross-neutralization,
which
even
estimate
infected
appearing
variants.
Given
paramount
discuss
their
specific
features,
advantages
disadvantages,
technical
aspects
yet
fully
resolved
issues,
such
as
cut-off
levels
predicting
degree
vivo
protection.
Language: Английский
Application of a Biomimetic Nanoparticle-Based Mock Virus to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Blood Samples Using a Lateral Flow Assay
Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
The
presence
of
neutralizing
antibodies
against
SARS-CoV-2
in
blood,
acquired
through
previous
infection
or
vaccination,
is
known
to
prevent
the
(re)occurrence
outbreaks
unless
virus
mutates.
Therefore,
measurement
constitutes
an
indispensable
tool
assessing
individual's
and
a
population's
immunity
SARS-CoV-2.
For
this
reason,
we
have
developed
innovative
lateral
flow
assay
(LFA)
capable
detecting
blood-derived
using
biomimetic
mock
system.
Here,
functionalized
gold
nanoparticles
(AuNPs)
featuring
trimeric
spike
(S)
protein
at
its
surface
imitate
virus's
structure
are
applied
monitor
efficacy
blood
samples.
detection
principle
relies
on
interaction
between
immobilized
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2)
receptor,
which
inhibited
when
present.
To
further
enhance
sensitivity
our
competitive
identify
low
titers
antibodies,
additional
mixing
pad
embedded
into
device
increase
time
antibodies.
LFA
benchmarked
WHO
International
Standard
(21/338)
demonstrated
reliable
quantification
that
inhibit
ACE2
binding
events
down
limit
antibody
titer
59
IU/mL.
Additional
validation
whole
plasma
samples
showed
reproducible
results
good
comparability
laboratory-based
reference
test,
thus
highlighting
applicability
for
point-of-care
testing.
Language: Английский