Targeting the insular cortex for neuropathic pain modulation: Insights into synaptic and neuronal mechanisms

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(2)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Neuropathic pain, caused by nerve damage, greatly affects quality of life. Recent research proposes modulating brain activity, particularly through electrical stimulation the insular cortex (IC), as a treatment option. This study aimed to understand how IC (ICS) pain modulation. In rat neuropathy model, researchers used optogenetic and ICS techniques evaluate changes in mechanical allodynia synaptic changes, focusing on glutamate receptors (AMPAR, NR2A, NR2B). Optogenetic inhibition neurons relieved without altering plasticity. However, repetitive combined with activation diminished pain‐relieving effects increased AMPAR NR2B receptor levels. Additionally, activating inhibitory also reduced while excitatory lessened effectiveness was associated heightened expression. These findings suggest that inhibiting or could help modulate neuropathic conditions, shedding light can influence management

Language: Английский

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Imaging Brain Networks: Insights into Mechanisms of Temporomandibular Disorders

Journal of Dental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Temporomandibular disorders are a group of craniomaxillofacial mainly characterized by pain and motor dysfunction the temporomandibular joints surrounding masticatory muscles. Clinically, patients with often display central nervous system dysfunction, such as negative mood disorders, but underlying cause remains unclear. Recent developments in neuroimaging techniques have facilitated new understanding. Notably, triple network model consisting default mode network, executive salience is particular interest this regard may provide insights into brain alterations. Specifically, we observed that abnormal activation attention-related regions which be related to rumination. In addition, cortical atrophy altered functional connectivity were found regulation emotion pain. decreased activity metabolism seen regions, while occurred associated emotions. The showed aberrant metabolic changes perception emotions an pattern. Potentially treatment-induced included return normal attention suggesting assessing these networks used evaluate treatment efficacy. Finally, review highlights current dilemmas future opportunities for field terms research cohorts, methods, scope, analytical techniques. Further exploration necessary realize better understanding neuropathophysiology ultimately more effective treatments.

Language: Английский

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Multimodal abnormalities of brain function in chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Objectives Neuroimaging investigations into chronic low back pain (CLBP) have detected functional abnormalities across a spectrum of brain regions, yet the findings often been inconsistent. In this meta-analysis, we integrated existing data, delineating pattern coherent results from encompassed studies. Methods A systematic search neuroimaging studies investigating activity differences between CLBP and Healthy controls (HCs) was conducted in seven databases up to December 22, 2024. An anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping (AES-SDM)-based meta-analysis carried out report perform multimodal analysis. Results total 20 publications reporting on 24 experiments meta-analysis. The ReHo showed abnormal spontaneous left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), superior frontal (SFG), right middle (MFG), precuneus, fusiform bilateral postcentral (PoCG) patients. ALFF demonstrated alterations rolandic operculum (extending insula IFG), ITG, occipital (MOG), paracentral lobule, PoCG cuneus cortex group revealed that patients with displayed new decreased thalamus, precentral (PreCG) lingual gyrus. Conclusion Patients exhibit extensive abnormalities, involving regions related perception, emotional processing, cognitive functions, both visual motor cortices. These might provide valuable reference for identification potential therapeutic targets brain.

Language: Английский

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Die Neurobiologie des Schmerzes

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 55 - 102

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

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Effects of Mirror Therapy-Based Upper Extremity Exercises After Thoracotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Pain Management Nursing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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