Metabolism, Function, Molecular Mechanism, and Application of Carotenoids in Coloration of Aquatic Animals

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Among vertebrates, aquatic animals have a wide variety of body color. Yellow and red coloration, an important economic trait animals, plays pivotal roles in ornamental value consumption. Fish possess the most chromatophore types carotenoids primarily contribute to erythrophore xanthophore pigmentation. Carotenoid metabolism regulation development long been focus selective breeding programs fish. In crustaceans, proven be involved enhancing coloration. However, carotenoid requirements vary among different animals. The metabolic pathways vivo biochemical processes not well summarized. Thus, this review, we introduced various their species described similar mechanism ketocarotenoid biosynthesis fish birds. We focused on several significant genes coloration such as scavenger receptors, apolipoproteins, ketolases, β‐carotene oxygenase, applications aquaculture. addition, also summarized current problems addition diets emphasized importance molecular biotechnology breeding. Finally, provided our perspectives pigmentation research industry. This review will enhance understanding provide deeper insights into muscle skin It benefit production feed additives for

Language: Английский

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Functions of thyroid hormone signaling in regulating melanophore, iridophore, erythrophore, and pigment pattern formation in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus)

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Spotted scat, a marine aquaculture fish, has variable body color development stages during their ontogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of patterns formation was poorly understood. Thyroid hormones (TH) function as an important endocrine factor in regulating metamorphosis. In this study, exogenous thyroid 3,5,3′-L-triiodothyronine (T3) and its inhibitor thiourea (TU) were used to treat spotted scat juveniles metamorphosis stage (from 60 90 dpf). The molecular hormone signaling revealed, using micro-observation pigments cells distribution, colorimetric evaluation carotenoids concentration measurement by spectrophotometry, comparative transcriptome analysis. consisted whole black color, bar, red spots, final pattern formed through When treated with TU disrupt signaling, levels T3 T4 significantly decreased, melanophores numbers increased, well expression genes involved melanin synthesis melanophore differentiation (tyr, tyrp1, dct, mitf, pmel, oca2, slc24a5, erbb3) increased. Besides, associated pteridine metabolism (apod, pnpla2, rdh12, stard10, xdh, abca1, retsat, scarb1, rgs2, gch1) accumulation stimulated, when disrupted TU. On contrary, elevated T3, which could weaken skin redness reduce number spots melanophores, diameter larval erythrophores. Notably, unlike erythrophores, iridophore promoted hormones, gene related (fhl2-l, fhl2, ltk, id2a, alx4) guanine (gmps, hprt1, ppat, impdh1b) up-regulated after treatment, but they down-regulated treatment. Above results showed that might play critical roles regulation deposition, thereby affecting pigment (melanophores, iridophores erythrophores) patterns. mechanisms hyperthyroid hypothyroid on different different. Excess impact rearrangement cell cycle, resulting abnormalities scat. Meanwhile, excessed juvenile enhanced disruption hormone. stimulated hormones. These findings provide new insights for exploring help elucidate coloration, may also contribute selective breeding ornamental fish.

Language: Английский

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Enhancement of body red coloration in juvenile spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) by dietary supplementation with Lianjiang red orange peels as a natural carotenoid source

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Spotted scat ( Scatophagus argus ) is an economically important marine species in China, with high ornamental and edible value. The effects of dietary supplementation Lianjiang red orange peels, a natural carotenoid source, at 0, 3, 6, 9 12%, hereafter referred to as G0, G3, G6, G9 G12, were measured on color values, content, expression genes such cyp2j6 , cyp1a1 hsp70 slc2a11 bco2 cyp26c1 after 4 weeks. Subsequently, the different values (L*, a*, b*), total carotenoids gene pattern analyzed. In groups fed diets containing more than 9% peels (9% 12%), L* value (lightness) decreased, while a* (redness) increased skin, b* (yellowness) caudal fin P < 0.05). Additionally, content skin group G12 was substantially higher other By comparative transcriptome analysis G0 groups, 419 differentially expressed (DEGs) identified, which 237 upregulated 182 downregulated. Genes involved deposition pigment cell development significantly upregulated, whereas related decomposition retinoic acid metabolism downregulated group. These findings suggest that enhance body coloration by influencing carotenoid, pteridine pigments, erythrophore development, inhibiting oxidative cleavage metabolism. This study enhances deposition, provides theoretical guidance for aquaculture practices involving spotted scat.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Hue: Advances and Applications of Fish Skin Pigmentation Genetics in Aquaculture

Fishes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 220 - 220

Published: June 10, 2024

Fish exhibit a broad spectrum of colors and patterns facilitated by specialized cells known as chromatophores. The vibrant coloration fish, controlled complex genetic environmental interactions, serves critical roles in ecological functions such mating, predation, camouflage. This diversity not only makes fish an invaluable model for exploring the molecular mechanisms pigmentation but also significantly impacts their economic value within aquaculture industry, where color traits can drive marketability breeding choices. review delves into sophisticated biological processes governing discusses applications enhancing practices. By intersection regulation, influences, advanced techniques, this highlights both scientific understanding practical coloration, providing bridge between basic research its application commercial aquaculture.

Language: Английский

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Cellular and Molecular Basis of Environment-Induced Color Change in a Tree Frog

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 3472 - 3472

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Background color matching is essential for camouflage and thermoregulation in ectothermic vertebrates, yet several key cellular-level questions remain unresolved. For instance, it unclear whether the number of chromatophores or activity individual plays a more critical role this process. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we investigated cellular molecular mechanisms underlying change

Language: Английский

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