Inflammation and its role in the aetiopathogenesis of malignant brain tumours DOI Creative Commons

Tadej Strojnik

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

The role of inflammation in the aetiopathogenesis malignant brain tumours is increasingly recognised. Chronic inflammation, characterised by a sustained immune response and tissue remodelling, contributes to development progression tumours. Activated microglia infiltrating cells release proinflammatory cytokines reactive oxygen species, creating neuroinflammatory environment that promotes tumour growth. This persistent leads DNA damage, mutations epigenetic changes, thus favouring malignancy. Epidemiological studies have linked chronic inflammatory diseases infections an increased risk Underlying mechanisms include activating signalling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal transducer activator transcription 3 (STAT3), which promote cell proliferation survival. In contrast, mediators angiogenesis evasion system. text discusses markers bacterial viral developing

Language: Английский

Pathophysiological Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Animal Models DOI Open Access
Andrej Feješ, Katarı́na Šebeková, Veronika Borbélyová

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 241 - 241

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

The global pandemic of obesity poses a serious health, social, and economic burden. Patients living with are at an increased risk developing noncommunicable diseases or to die prematurely. Obesity is state chronic low-grade inflammation. Neutrophils first be recruited sites inflammation, where they contribute host defense via phagocytosis, degranulation, extrusion neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs web-like DNA structures nuclear mitochondrial associated cytosolic antimicrobial proteins. primary function NETosis preventing the dissemination pathogens. However, neutrophils may occasionally misidentify molecules as danger-associated molecular patterns, triggering NET formation. This can lead further recruitment neutrophils, resulting in propagation vicious cycle persistent systemic scenario occur when infiltrate expanded obese adipose tissue. Thus, implicated pathophysiology autoimmune metabolic disorders, including obesity. review explores role two obesity-associated conditions-hypertension liver steatosis. With rising prevalence driving research into its pathophysiology, particularly through diet-induced models rodents, we discuss insights gained from both human animal studies. Additionally, highlight potential offered by rodent opportunities presented genetically modified mouse strains for advancing our understanding obesity-related

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Extracellular histones promote TWIK2-dependent potassium efflux and associated NLRP3 activation in alveolar macrophages during sepsis-induced lung injury DOI
Jing Yu, Yu Fu, Nan Zhang

et al.

Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(7), P. 1137 - 1155

Published: May 11, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Evolving Paradigms in Sepsis Management: A Narrative Review DOI Creative Commons
Min‐Ji Kim, Eun Joo Choi,

Eun-Jung Choi

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(14), P. 1172 - 1172

Published: July 9, 2024

Sepsis, a condition characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response infection, significantly impacts global health, with mortality rates varying widely across regions. Traditional therapeutic strategies that target hyperinflammation and immunosuppression have largely failed improve outcomes, underscoring the need for innovative approaches. This review examines development of agents sepsis, focus on clinical trials addressing immunosuppression. It highlights frequent failures these trials, explores underlying reasons, outlines current research efforts aimed at bridging gap between theoretical advancements applications. Although personalized medicine phenotypic categorization present promising directions, this emphasizes importance understanding complex pathogenesis sepsis developing targeted, effective therapies enhance patient outcomes. By multifaceted nature future can pave way more precise individualized treatment strategies, ultimately improving management prognosis patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Navigating the Modern Landscape of Sepsis: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment DOI Open Access
Jin Ho Jang, Eun Jeong Choi, Tae-Hwa Kim

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7396 - 7396

Published: July 5, 2024

Sepsis poses a significant threat to human health due its high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Traditional diagnostic methods for identifying sepsis or causative organisms are time-consuming contribute rate. Biomarkers have been developed overcome these limitations currently used diagnosis, prognosis prediction, treatment response assessment. Over the past few decades, more than 250 biomarkers identified, of which in clinical decision-making. Consistent with diagnosing sepsis, there is no specific sepsis. Currently, general conservative includes timely antibiotic use hemodynamic support. When planning sepsis-specific treatment, it important select most suitable patient, considering heterogeneous nature This comprehensive review summarizes current evolving therapeutic approaches

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Exosomes Derived from Apelin-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Alleviating Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis via Delivery of miR-34a-5p DOI Creative Commons

Ting Li,

Yuechu Zhao,

Zhi Cao

et al.

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 687 - 703

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: Exosomes sourced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXOs) have become a promising therapeutic tool for sepsisinduced myocardial dysfunction (SMD).Our previous study demonstrated that Apelin pretreatment enhanced the benefit of MSCs in infarction by improving their paracrine effects.This aimed to determine whether EXOs Apelin-pretreated (Apelin-MSC-EXOs) would potent cardioprotective effects against SMD and elucidate underlying mechanisms.Methods: MSC-EXOs Apelin-MSC-EXOs were isolated identified.Mice neonatal cardiomyocytes (NCMs) treated with or under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) condition vitro.Cardiomyocyte pyroptosis was determined TUNEL staining.RNA sequencing used identify differentially expressed functional miRNAs between Apelin-MSC-EXOs.MSC-EXOs transplanted into mouse model induced cecal ligation puncture (CLP) via tail vein.Heart function evaluated echocardiography.Results: Compared MSC-EXOs, Apelin-MSC-EXO transplantation greatly cardiac mice.Both suppressed cardiomyocyte vivo vitro, latter exhibiting superior protective effects.miR-34a-5p effectively mediated exert high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) as potential target.Mechanistically, delivered miR-34a-5p injured cardiomyocytes, thereby ameliorating regulation HMGB1/AMPK axis.These partially abrogated downregulation Apelin-MSC-EXOs.Conclusion: Our revealed key component protected mediation signaling pathway.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Sepsis subphenotypes: bridging the gaps in sepsis treatment strategies DOI Creative Commons
Xue Zhang, Wei Zhang, Huan Zhang

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Sepsis, a heterogeneous illness produced by dysregulated host response to infection, remains severe mortality risk. Recent discoveries in sepsis research have stressed phenotyping as feasible strategy for tackling heterogeneity and enhancing therapy precision. Sepsis has moved from traditional stratifications based on severity prognosis dynamic, phenotype-driven therapeutic options. This review covers recent progress connecting subgroups personalized treatments, with focus phenotype-based predictions decision-support systems. Despite ongoing challenges, such standardizing frameworks incorporating findings into clinical practice, this topic enormous promise. By investigating phenotypic variation responses, we hope uncover new biomarkers solutions, laying the groundwork more effective therapies and, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Research Progress of HGMB1 in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease Severity DOI

丹 王

Advances in Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(01), P. 1613 - 1619

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Redefining CRP in tissue injury and repair: more than an acute pro-inflammatory mediator DOI Creative Commons
Marc Potempa, Peter C. Hart, Ibraheem M. Rajab

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Most early studies investigating the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in tissue damage determined it supported pro-hemostatic and pro-inflammatory activities. However, these findings were not universal, as other data suggested CRP inhibited same processes. A potential explanation for disparate observations finally emerged with recognition that undergoes context-dependent conformational changes vivo , each its three isoforms – pentameric (pCRP), modified (pCRP*), monomeric (mCRP) have different effects. In this review, we consider new paradigm re-evaluate repair process. Indeed, a growing body evidence points toward involvement just hemostasis inflammation, but also resolution inflammation regeneration. Additionally, briefly discuss shortcomings currently available diagnostic tests highlight need change how is utilized clinical practice.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Pathogenetic association of inflammation and hemostasis markers in the blood of patients with injuries of large joints DOI Open Access
Stanislav Bondarenko, Volodymyr Filipenko, Friedа Leontyeva

et al.

TRAUMA, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 1 - 10

Published: March 7, 2025

Background. In patients with injuries of large joints, the activation inflammation causes risk thrombophilia. The prediction thrombotic complications and their prevention can improve quality treatment. purpose: to investigate data scientific medical literature on pathogenetic association between markers hemostasis in degenerative diseases post-traumatic joints. Materials methods. search for has been made PubMed database 10 years. Sixty works were selected. Results. A total 60 papers selected analysis. They recorded information about relationship mechanisms hypercoagulability trauma. specified are given this work. Conclusions. orthopedics traumatology, considerable attention is paid surgical treatment trauma, particular, Individuals trauma or surgery joints have a correlation biochemical common clinical inflammation, metabolism glycoproteins, proteoglycans collagen laboratory indicators hemostasis. case, significant damage formation vicious circle observed: decrease plasminogen content, which under action activators converted plasmin, trigger factor fibrinolytic system, that at same time activity acceleration dystrophic processes accumulation blood serum an excessive amount acute phase glycoproteins. addition, there increase plasma following coagulation markers: fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomer complexes, D-dimers, inflammatory such as C-reactive protein, haptoglobin. From this, it follows postoperative requires timely monitoring markers, well measures prevent thrombophilia, including prehospital stage.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Targeting the immuno-inflammatory-microbial network: a key strategy for sepsis treatment DOI Creative Commons
Yue Xu, Jiaxin Wang, Rui Yuan

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 14, 2025

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by dysregulated host response to infection, remaining major global health challenge despite clinical advances. Therapeutic challenges arise from antibiotic misuse, incomplete understanding of its complex pathophysiology, and the unresolved interplay immune dysregulation microbiota disruption. Investigating microbial homeostasis in shift cytokine storm immunosuppression may elucidate between metabolites, dysfunction, organ injury, providing foundation for targeted therapies drug development. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has demonstrated significant advantages mitigating sepsis-associated storms modulating gut homeostasis, offering promising strategy developing highly effective less toxic monomeric compounds. Elucidating interactions within immune-inflammation-microbiota network sepsis paves way biomarker-driven personalized therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

Citations

0