International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(17), P. 9370 - 9370
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Although
olfaction
is
well
known
to
guide
animal
behavior,
the
neural
circuits
underlying
motor
responses
elicited
by
olfactory
inputs
are
poorly
understood.
In
sea
lamprey,
anatomical
evidence
shows
that
project
posterior
tuberculum
(PT),
a
structure
containing
dopaminergic
(DA)
neurons
homologous
mammalian
ventral
tegmental
area
and
substantia
nigra
pars
compacta.
Olfactory
travel
directly
from
medial
bulb
(medOB)
or
indirectly
through
main
lateral
pallium
(LPal).
Here,
we
characterized
transmission
of
PT
in
Petromyzon
marinus.
Abundant
projections
medOB
were
observed
close
DA
PT.
Moreover,
electrophysiological
experiments
revealed
activated
both
LPal,
calcium
imaging
indicated
signal
then
relayed
mesencephalic
locomotor
region
initiate
locomotion.
semi-intact
preparations,
stimulation
LPal
induced
locomotion
was
tightly
associated
with
activity
active
throughout
spontaneously
occurring
bouts.
Altogether,
our
observations
suggest
convey
PT,
which
turn
activate
brainstem
command
system
elicit
Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
4
Published: March 25, 2025
This
study
presents
a
novel
point-of-care
electrochemical
sensor
for
dopamine
(DA)
detection,
featuring
flexible
laser-induced
graphene
(LIG)
modified
with
unique
nanocomposite
comprising
Nb
4
C
3
T
x
MXene,
polypyrrole
(PPy),
and
iron
nanoparticles
(FeNPs).
The
LIG-Nb
MXene-PPy-FeNPs
is
characterized
by
scanning
electron
microscopy
to
confirm
the
successful
surface
modification.
performance
of
fabricated
via
cyclic
voltammetry
showed
significant
activity
upon
modification
LIG
an
increased
peak
anodic
current
(I
pa
)
from
43
μA
104
μA.
demonstrated
high
electrocatalytic
wide
linear
detection
range
1
nM
mM
DA
excellent
sensitivity
0.283
μA/nM
cm
−2
,
ultralow
limit
70
pM.
exhibited
good
recovery
in
biological
samples
remarkable
selectivity
DA,
effectively
distinguishing
it
common
interfering
compounds
such
as
uric
acid,
ascorbic
glucose,
sodium
chloride,
their
mixtures.
platform
provides
reliable
accurate
approach
detecting
even
complex
matrices
at
applications
highlighting
its
potential
advanced
biosensing
applications.
Experimental Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
379, P. 114875 - 114875
Published: June 27, 2024
Alleviation
of
motor
impairment
by
aerobic
exercise
(AE)
in
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
patients
points
to
activation
neurobiological
mechanisms
that
may
be
targetable
therapeutic
approaches.
However,
evidence
for
AE-related
recovery
striatal
dopamine
(DA)
signaling
or
tyrosine
hydroxylase
(TH)
loss
has
been
inconsistent
rodent
studies.
This
ambiguity
related
the
timing
AE
intervention
relation
status
nigrostriatal
neuron
loss.
Here,
we
replicated
human
PD
at
diagnosis
establishing
with
>80%
DA
and
TH
prior
initiating
AE,
assessed
its
potential
alleviate
decline
restore
We
also
evaluated
if
serum
levels
neurofilament
light
(NfL)
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP),
biomarkers
severity,
changed
response
AE.
6-hydroxydopamine
(6-OHDA)
was
infused
unilaterally
into
rat
medial
forebrain
bundle
induce
progressive
over
28
days.
Moderate
intensity
(3×
per
week,
40
min/session),
began
8–10
days
post-lesion
following
establishment
impaired
forelimb
use.
Striatal
tissue
DA,
mRNA,
NfL/GFAP
were
determined
3-wks
after
began.
Despite
severe
depletion
initiation,
use
deficits
hypokinesia
onset
alleviated
without
loss,
but
reduced
NfL
GFAP
levels.
proof-of-concept
study
shows
alleviates
when
initiated
obligate
protein.
Moreover,
reduction
serve
as
objective
blood-based
efficacy.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 4, 2024
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
rodent
models
provide
insight
into
the
relationship
between
nigrostriatal
dopamine
(DA)
signaling
and
locomotor
function.
Although
toxin-based
rat
produce
frank
neuron
loss
eventual
motor
decline
characteristic
of
PD,
rapid
nature
neuronal
may
not
adequately
translate
premotor
traits,
such
as
cognitive
decline.
Unfortunately,
genetic
PD
models,
like
Pink1
knockout
(KO)
rat,
often
fail
to
replicate
differential
severity
striatal
DA
tyrosine
hydroxylase
(TH)
loss,
a
bradykinetic
phenotype,
reminiscent
human
PD.
To
elucidate
this
inconsistency,
we
evaluated
aging
progression
factor
in
timing
non-motor
impairments.
Male
PINK1
KO
age-matched
wild
type
(WT)
rats
were
longitudinal
study
from
3
16
months
old
one
cohort,
cross-sectional
young
adult
(6-7
months)
aged
(18-19
another
cohort.
Young
exhibited
hyperkinetic
behavior
associated
with
elevated
TH
substantia
nigra
(SN),
which
decreased
therein,
but
striatum,
rats.
Additionally,
norepinephrine
levels
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC),
paired
higher
content
KO.
younger
age
onset
characterizes
familial
forms
our
results
underscore
critical
need
consider
age-related
factors.
Moreover,
indicate
that
compensatory
mechanisms
exist
preserve
function,
evidenced
by
increased
SN
early
lifespan,
response
deficient
declines
impairment.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 14, 2024
Abstract
The
substantia
nigra
pars
reticulata
(SNr),
a
crucial
basal
ganglia
output
nucleus,
contains
dense
expression
of
dopamine
D1
receptors
(D1Rs),
along
with
dendrites
belonging
to
dopaminergic
neurons
compacta.
These
D1Rs
are
primarily
located
on
the
terminals
striatonigral
medium
spiny
neurons,
suggesting
their
involvement
in
regulation
neurotransmitter
release
from
direct
pathway
response
somatodendritic
release.
To
explore
hypothesis
that
modulate
GABA
synapses,
we
conducted
optical
recordings
activity
and
postsynaptic
patch-clamp
SNr
presence
D1R
agonists.
We
found
inhibits
optogenetically
triggered
by
modulating
vesicle
fusion
Ca
2+
influx
boutons.
Notably,
effect
DA
was
independent
but
required
activation
5-HT1B
receptors.
Our
results
suggest
serotonergic
mechanism
involved
therapeutic
actions
medications
for
Parkinson’s
disease
psychostimulant-related
disorders.