Veterinary World,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 40 - 51
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Dairy
farm
profitability
is
linked
to
milk
yield
and
reproductive
efficiency.
High
prolactin
levels
during
lactation
can
negatively
impact
fertility.
Timed
AI
protocols
like
PG7G
are
used
improve
pregnancy
rates.
This
study
investigates
the
effects
of
extending
voluntary
waiting
period
(VWP)
from
63
73
days
after
protocol
on
parameters,
including
progesterone
levels,
rates,
losses,
in
lactating
Holstein
cows
summer
winter
seasons.
A
total
2100
dairy
were
divided
into
groups
assigned
based
their
parity.
Two
formed
number
(DIM)
first
PGF2α
injection.
The
group
(PG7G-63)
received
a
injection
30-day
postpartum
(pp)
followed
specific
protocol.
second
group,
PG7G-73,
same
but
40-day
pp.
Pregnancy
was
confirmed,
blood
samples
collected
for
analysis.
Temperature
humidity
also
recorded
throughout
study.
Extension
VWP
73-day
(PG7G-73
group)
significantly
improved
rates
day
47
pp
compared
with
63-day
(PG7G-63
group).
However,
PG7G-63
exhibited
lower
PLs.
Seasonality
markedly
influenced
outcomes,
higher
P/AI
moderate
season
primiparous
hot
multiparous
cows.
Conversely,
PL
both
increased
season.
Extending
while
seasonality
affected
temperatures
loss
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 30, 2025
ABSTRACT
Relugolix
is
an
oral
gonadotropin‐releasing
hormone
receptor
antagonist
that
suppresses
sex
steroid
hormones
and
approved
as
monotherapy
for
prostate
cancer
a
fixed‐dose
combination
with
estradiol/norethindrone
the
treatment
of
endometriosis
uterine
fibroids.
The
aim
this
postmarketing
study
was
to
determine
pharmacokinetics
quantify
amount
relugolix
excreted
into
breast
milk
healthy
lactating
women.
Following
single,
dose
40
mg
relugolix,
sampled
over
120
h.
Pharmacokinetic
parameters
were
determined,
including
cumulative
derive
total
infant
dose.
safety
tolerability
also
assessed.
Eight
women
enrolled
completed
per
protocol.
safe
well
tolerated
based
on
adverse
events
other
data.
It
median
time
peak
concentration
(
t
max
)
5.81
h
geometric
mean
C
15.7
ng/mL,
similar
corresponding
plasma
data
from
previous
clinical
studies.
0.0051
24
0.0067
h,
0.0128%
0.0167%
maternal
dose,
respectively.
body
weight‐adjusted
relative
daily
approximately
0.25%
suggests
400‐fold
lower
newborn
than
exposure.
Relevant
effects
breastfed
child
appear
unlikely
given
its
limited
excretion
but
cannot
be
fully
excluded
in
absence
Journal of International Medical Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
53(4)
Published: April 1, 2025
Spontaneous
ovarian
hyperstimulation
syndrome
is
an
extremely
rare
condition,
especially
in
nonpregnant
women
who
do
not
exhibit
exogenous
stimulation.
Herein,
we
present
a
case
of
spontaneous
28-year-old
woman
presented
with
life-threatening
multiorgan
dysfunction.
Initial
imaging
studies
and
tumor
marker
assessment
suggested
the
presence
malignant
tumor,
posing
substantial
diagnostic
challenges.
The
patient
underwent
emergency
surgery
due
to
severe
hemorrhagic
shock.
Intraoperative
findings
revealed
irregular
deformed
ovaries;
however,
histologic
examination
showed
luteinizing
cysts,
leading
diagnosis
syndrome.
This
highlights
importance
considering
differential
enlargement
ascites,
even
absence
pregnancy
or
It
also
underscores
critical
role
expert
radiological
interpretation
such
complex
cases.
Animals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(13), P. 1873 - 1873
Published: June 25, 2024
Prolactin
(PRL)
plays
an
important
role
in
animal
follicle
development
and
ovulation.
However,
its
regulatory
effects
on
the
different
stages
of
estrus
cycle
ewes
are
unclear.
In
this
study,
bromocriptine
(BCR,
PRL
inhibitor)
was
used
to
study
effect
secretion
reproductive
hormones
gene
expressions
order
explore
sexual
ewes.
Eighty
healthy
with
same
parity
similar
weights
were
randomly
assigned
control
group
(C,
n
=
40)
treatment
(T,
40,
fed
bromocriptine).
After
synchronization,
thirty-one
overt
signs
selected
from
each
group.
Six
blood
samples
obtained
by
jugular
venipuncture
measure
concentration
PRL,
estrogen
(E2),
progesterone
(P4),
luteinizing
hormone
(LH),
follicle-stimulating
(FSH),
gonadotropin-releasing
(GnRH)
proestrus,
estrus,
metestrus,
diestrus.
At
time,
we
collected
ovaries
six
vivo
after
anesthesia
detect
corpus
luteum
(CL)
counts
expression
hormone-receptor
apoptosis-related
genes.
The
results
show
that
inhibition
had
no
significant
length
(p
>
0.05).
number
large
small
follicles,
levels
E2,
FSH,
GnRH,
ER,
FSHR,
apoptotic
Caspase-3
increased
<
0.05);
middle
follicles
anti-apoptotic
Bcl-2
decreased
0.05)
T
E2
StAR,
CYP19A1,
genes
0.05),
LHR
pro-apoptotic
Bax
diestrus,
CL,
level
P4,
PR,
3β-HSD,
Caspase-3,
summary,
can
affect
hormones,
count,
during
cycle.
These
provide
a
basis
for
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
regulation
ewe
PRL.
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 19, 2024
Abstract
Hyper
and
hypoprolactinemia
seem
to
be
related
the
occurrence
of
metabolic
alterations
in
PCOS
patients.
In
contrast,
between
significantly
elevated
low,
prolactin
levels
protective
against
consequences.
present
review,
we
found
4
studies
investigating
patients
with
PCOS.
We
also
identified
6
additional
that
reported
low
PRL
Although
its
prevalence
is
not
considered
high
(13.2–13.9%),
contribution
certainly
significant
observed
(insulin
resistance,
obesity,
diabetes
mellitus,
fatty
liver
disease).
Dopamine
inhibits
secretion
GnRH.
If
dopamine
are
or
receptor
less
expressed
mutated,
GnRH
increase,
consequently,
LH
increases.
On
other
hand,
hyperprolactinemia,
prolactinomas-typical
levels,
acting
through
kisspeptin
inhibition
causes
suppression
hypogonadotropic
hypogonadism.
situations
due
excessive
agonist
treatment,
dosage
reduction
important
minimize
decrease
levels.
Nevertheless,
there
a
lack
prospective
confirming
these
hypotheses,
as
well
randomized
clinical
trials
appropriate
drugs
targeting
both
hyperprolactin
hypoprolactin
