Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 727 - 727
Published: Jan. 23, 2025
Diabetic
Kidney
Disease
(DKD)
is
the
leading
cause
of
end-stage
renal
disease
(ESRD)
worldwide.
Among
individuals
with
type
1
diabetes
mellitus
(T1DM),
30–40%
are
at
risk
developing
DKD.
This
review
focuses
on
mechanistic
processes,
available
and
emerging
biomarkers
for
diagnosing,
monitoring,
preventing
DKD,
as
well
treatment
options
targeted
DKD
patients.
A
literature
search
was
conducted
PubMed
Scopus
using
specific
keywords.
Inclusion
exclusion
criteria
were
applied
to
select
articles
used
this
review.
The
highlights
various
mechanisms
involved
in
progression
more
severe
stages.
Additionally,
several
have
been
identified,
which
aid
diagnosing
monitoring
disease.
Furthermore,
numerous
approaches
being
explored
address
underlying
causes
Advanced
research
exploring
new
medications
remission;
sodium-glucose
cotransport
(SGLT2)
inhibitors
finerenone,
particular,
gaining
attention
their
novel
renoprotective
effects.
a
major
complication
diabetes,
marked
by
complex
multifactorial
mechanisms.
Thus,
understanding
these
processes
essential
therapies
potentially
reverse
progression.
Biomarkers
show
promise
early
diagnosis
progression,
while
current
strategies
underscore
importance
multifaceted
approach.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: March 22, 2025
Abstract
Klotho,
initially
introduced
as
an
anti-aging
protein,
is
expressed
in
the
brain,
pancreas,
and
most
prominently
kidney.
The
two
forms
of
Klotho
(membrane-bound
soluble
form)
have
diverse
pharmacological
functions
such
anti-inflammatory,
anti-oxidative,
anti-fibrotic,
tumour-suppressive
etc.
membrane-bound
form
plays
a
pivotal
role
maintaining
kidney
homeostasis
by
regulating
fibroblast
growth
factor
23
(FGF
23)
signalling,
vitamin
D
metabolism
phosphate
balance.
deficiency
has
been
linked
with
significantly
reduced
protection
against
various
pathological
phenotypes,
including
diabetic
disease
(DKD),
which
major
cause
chronic
leading
to
end-stage
disease.
Owing
pleiotropic
actions
klotho,
it
shown
beneficial
effects
DKD
tackling
complex
pathophysiology
reducing
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
well
fibrosis.
Moreover,
protective
effect
klotho
extends
beyond
other
conditions,
cardiovascular
diseases,
alzheimer's
disease,
cancer,
inflammatory
bowel
liver
Therefore,
this
review
summarizes
relationship
between
expression
diseases
special
emphasis
on
DKD,
distinct
mechanisms
potential
exogenous
supplementation
therapeutic
strategy.
Future
research
into
could
unravel
novel
treatment
avenues
for
diseases.
Hormone and Metabolic Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 21, 2024
Abstract
Diabetic
nephropathy
represents
a
predominant
etiology
of
end-stage
renal
disease
(ESRD)
on
global
scale,
significantly
impacting
the
morbidity
and
mortality
rates
individuals
with
diabetes.
The
primary
objective
this
analysis
is
to
furnish
comprehensive
examination
etiology,
fundamental
mechanisms,
treatment
modalities
for
DN.
development
DN
stems
from
multitude
factors,
encompassing
intricate
interplay
involving
metabolic
irregularities
induced
by
hyperglycemia,
alterations
in
hemodynamics,
inflammatory
responses,
oxidative
stress,
genetic
susceptibility.
Principal
mechanisms
encompass
generation
advanced
glycation
end
products
(AGEs),
activation
protein
kinase
C
(PKC),
overexpression
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system
(RAAS).
These
processes
precipitate
glomerular
hyperfiltration,
hypertrophy,
eventually,
fibrosis
scarring
parenchyma.
Initially,
hyperglycemia
triggers
mesangial
proliferation
thickening
basement
membrane
incipient
stages
DN,
subsequently
leading
progressive
sclerosis
tubulointerstitial
fibrosis.
Inflammatory
cascades,
notably
cytokines
like
TGF-β
NF-κB,
play
pivotal
roles
advancement
fostering
accumulation
extracellular
matrix
Inflammation
pathways,
particularly
those
essential
diabetic
progression
stimulating
presence
worsened
dysfunctional
mitochondria,
contributes
further
injury
via
lipid
peroxidation
DNA
damage.
Current
therapeutic
approaches
concentrate
optimizing
glycemic
control,
controlling
hypertension,
suppressing
system.
Among
antihypertensive
medications,
ACE
inhibitors
angiotensin
II
receptor
blockers
are
crucial
decelerating
advancement.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 3, 2025
Diabetic
kidney
disease
(DKD)
has
become
the
leading
cause
of
end-stage
renal
in
world.
However,
current
conventional
approaches
have
not
yet
achieved
satisfactory
efficacy.
As
one
most
influential
products
botanical
medicine,
Ginkgo
biloba
L.
leaves
extract
(GBE)
demonstrates
various
pharmacological
effects
on
DKD
and
is
gradually
used
as
an
adjunctive
therapy
for
this
disease.
A
comprehensive
analysis
necessary
to
evaluate
efficacy
safety
GBE
adjuvant
treatment
DKD.
This
meta-analysis
aimed
a
supplementary
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system
inhibitors
patients,
providing
reference
subsequent
research
clinical
practice.
study
been
registered
PROSPERO
CRD42023455792.
Ten
databases
were
searched
from
their
inception
21
July
2023.
Randomized
controlled
trials
about
included.
Review
Manager
5.4
Stata
16.0
employed
conduct
analysis.
Heterogeneity
was
assessed
through
χ2
test
I2
test,
effect
model
chosen
accordingly.
Meta-regression
subgroup
performed
investigate
sources
heterogeneity
influence
different
factor
levels
The
publication
bias
evaluated
with
funnel
plot
Egger's
evidence
quality
by
Grading
Recommendations
Assessment,
Development
Evaluation
(GRADE)
method.
total
41
studies
3,269
patients
finally
enrolled
study.
None
included
reported
whether
or
cardiovascular
progression
events
occurred.
Compared
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
inhibitor
(ACEI)/angiotensin
II
receptor
blocker
(ARB)
alone,
combination
more
beneficial
improving
urinary
albumin
excretion
rate
(UAER)
[mean
difference
(MD)
=
-22.99
μg/min,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI):
-27.66
-18.31,
p
<
0.01],
serum
creatinine
(SCr)
[MD
-8.30
μmol/L,
CI:
-11.55
-5.05,
blood
urea
nitrogen
(BUN)
-0.77
mmol/L,
-1.04
-0.49,
24-hour
protein
(24hUTP)
-0.28
g/d,
-0.35
-0.22,
cystatin
C
(Cys-C)
-0.30
mg/L,
-0.43
-0.17,
cholesterol
(TC)
-0.69
-1.01
-0.38,
triglyceride
(TG)
-0.40
-0.56
-0.23,
low-density
lipoprotein
(LDL-C)
-0.97
-1.28
-0.65,
fasting
glucose
(FBG)
-0.54
-0.05,
0.02],
hematocrit
-4.58%,
-5.25
-3.90,
0.01]
fibrinogen
-0.80
g/L,
-1.12
-0.47,
0.01].
No
significant
improvement
found
2-hour
postprandial
(2hPG),
glycated
hemoglobin
(HbA1c),
diastolic
pressure
(DBP)
systolic
(SBP).
detected
adverse
events.
Combining
ACEI/ARB
may
improve
UAER,
SCr,
BUN,
24hUTP,
Cys-C,
TC,
TG,
LDL-C,
patients.
It
also
seems
oxidative
stress
inflammation
but
minimal
impact
pressure.
Combined
generally
tolerated,
monitoring
remains
essential
during
its
use.
More
long-term
high-quality
in-depth
molecular
are
still
provide
stronger
regarding
benefits
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=455792,
identifier
World Journal of Diabetes,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(3)
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
BACKGROUND
Serum
retinol-binding
protein
(RBP)
is
the
primary
transport
of
circulating
vitamin
A.
RBP
has
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
nutrient
metabolism
and
physiologic
homeostasis.
Several
studies
have
indicated
that
serum
participates
progression
diabetes
diabetes-related
complications.
However,
impact
on
lower
limb
atherosclerosis
not
been
determined
individuals
with
type
2
mellitus
(T2DM).
AIM
To
determine
association
between
T2DM.
METHODS
This
retrospective
study
enrolled
4428
eligible
T2DM
patients
divided
into
non-lower
(n
=
1913)
groups
2515)
based
arterial
ultrasonography
results.
At
hospital
admission,
baseline
levels
were
assessed,
all
subjects
categorized
three
(Q1-Q3)
tertiles.
Logistic
regression,
restricted
cubic
spline
subgroup
analysis,
machine
learning
used
to
assess
risk.
RESULTS
Among
T2DM,
2515
(56.80%)
had
atherosclerosis.
analysis
showed
risk
increased
by
1%
for
every
1
unit
rise
level
(odds
ratio
1.01,
95%
confidence
interval:
1.00-1.02,
P
0.004).
Patients
highest
tertile
group
(Q3)
higher
compared
lowest
(Q1)
1.36,
1.12-1.67,
0.002).
The
gradually
an
increase
(P
trend
0.005).
Restricted
linear
correlation
(non-linear
<
0.05).
Machine
demonstrated
significance
diagnostic
value
predicting
CONCLUSION
Elevated
correlate
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Feb. 4, 2025
Diabetic
nephropathy
(DN)
is
one
of
the
major
causes
end-stage
renal
disease.
This
study
aimed
to
explore
internal
relationship
between
metabolic
processes
and
autoimmune
responses
in
patients
with
DN
via
untargeted
metabolomics
Olink
proteomics.
The
serum
10
who
were
diagnosed
healthy
individuals
Animal
models
used
validate
characterized
genes.
Correlation
analysis
differentially
abundant
metabolites
expressed
proteins
revealed
that
SIRT2
might
be
a
key
hub
linking
energy
metabolism
innate
immune
responses.
KEGG
enrichment
showed
HIF-1
signaling
pathway
cell
carcinoma
co-enriched
pathways
inflammatory
response.
VEGFA
plays
vital
role
these
two
pathways.
ability
regulate
expression
has
been
demonstrated.
In
vivo
experiments
SIRT2,
VEGFA,
HIF-1α
highly
kidneys
mice
diabetic
nephropathy.
conclusion,
our
combines
proteomics
provide
valuable
insights
into
synergistic
roles
disorders
DN.
data
suggest
may
target
affecting
processes.
