Role of Glial Cells in Neuronal Function, Mood Disorders, and Drug Addiction

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 558 - 558

Published: May 30, 2024

Mood disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) are of immense medical social concern. Although significant progress on neuronal involvement in mood reward circuitries has been achieved, it is only relatively recently that the role glia these attracted attention. Detailed understanding glial functions devastating diseases could offer novel interventions. Here, following a brief review involved regulation perception, specific contributions neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota to highlighted. In this context, cells (e.g., microglia, astroglia, oligodendrocytes, synantocytes) phenotypic manifestation or SUD emphasized. addition, knowledge potential development therapeutics touched upon.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 94 - 94

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures, significantly impacting individuals worldwide. Current treatments are often ineffective for third of patients and can cause severe side effects, necessitating new therapeutic approaches. Glial cells, particularly astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, emerging as crucial targets in epilepsy management. Astrocytes regulate neuronal homeostasis, excitability, synaptic plasticity, playing key roles maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediating neuroinflammatory responses. Dysregulated astrocyte functions, such reactive astrogliosis, lead to abnormal activity seizure generation. They release gliotransmitters, cytokines, chemokines that may exacerbate or mitigate seizures. Microglia, innate immune cells CNS, contribute neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, balance between excitatory inhibitory neurotransmission, underscoring their dual role promotion protection. Meanwhile, primarily involved myelination, also modulate axonal excitability neuron-glia network underlying pathogenesis. Understanding dynamic interactions glial with neurons provides promising avenues novel therapies. Targeting these improved control better clinical outcomes, offering hope refractory epilepsy.

Language: Английский

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Oligodendrogenesis in Evolution, Development and Adulthood

Glia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 15, 2025

ABSTRACT Oligodendrogenesis and myelin formation are important processes in the central nervous system (CNS) of jawed vertebrates, underpinning highly efficient neural computation within compact CNS architecture. Myelin, dense lipid sheath wrapped around axons, enables rapid signal transmission modulation circuits. Oligodendrocytes generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which widely distributed adult continue to produce new oligodendrocytes throughout life. Adult oligodendrogenesis is integral adaptive myelination, fine‐tunes circuits response neuronal activity, contributing neuroplasticity, learning, memory. Emerging evidence also highlights role specialized brain regions, linking metabolic homeostatic functions. In aging diseased brain, dysregulated exacerbates loss may contribute pathogenesis. addition, maladaptive myelination driven by aberrant activity could sustain a dysfunction conditions such as epilepsy. This review summarizes current understanding oligodendrogenesis, with insights into its evolution, regulation, impact on disease.

Language: Английский

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Early postnatal whisker deprivation cross-modally modulates prefrontal cortex myelination and leads to social novelty deficit

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1843, P. 149136 - 149136

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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