COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Molecular and Clinical Research

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 616 - 616

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 virus, the etiological agent of novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), was first identified in late 2019, following sudden appearance a cluster pneumonia cases unknown origin China [...]

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D: A Nutraceutical Supplement at the Crossroad Between Respiratory Infections and COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2550 - 2550

Published: March 12, 2025

Even though in mid-2023 the World Health Organization declared end of public health emergency international concern status for COVID-19, many areas uncertainty about SARS-CoV-2 infection pathophysiology remain. Although last 4 years pharmaceutical industries widely invested development effective antiviral treatments and vaccines, large disparities their availability worldwide still exist, thus fostering investigation nutritional supplements as adjuvant therapeutic approaches disease management, especially resource-limited settings. During COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D has been used an over-the-counter solution to improve evolution, thanks its known immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory actions. Ecological observational studies support a relationship between hypovitaminosis negative outcomes and, according this evidence, several research groups investigated role supplementation protecting from and/or improving evolution. This narrative review is intended offer insights into existing data on D’s biological effects respiratory infections, COVID-19. Furthermore, it will also brief overview complex interplay vaccine-elicited immune response, with special attention anti-COVID-19 vaccines.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 in Children and Vitamin D

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 12205 - 12205

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

In December 2019, the so-called “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) began. This is characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, ranging from an asymptomatic process to life-threatening conditions associated with a “cytokine storm”. article (narrative review) summarizes epidemiologic characteristics and manifestations of COVID-19 multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The effect pandemic confinement on vitamin D status hypotheses proposed explain age-related difference severity are discussed. role as critical regulator both innate adaptive immune responses cytokine storm analyzed. Vitamin its links (low levels appear worsen outcomes) (anti-inflammatory activity) detailed. Finally, efficacy supplementation evaluated, but evidence supporting adjuvant treatment for remains uncertain.

Language: Английский

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