European Journal of Surgical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(12), P. 108654 - 108654
Published: Sept. 6, 2024
Language: Английский
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 69 - 69
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Effective cancer therapies must address the tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex network of cells and stromal components, including endothelial, immune, mesenchymal cells. Durable outcomes require targeting both TME while minimizing systemic toxicity. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based have shown efficacy in cancers such as metastatic melanoma renal cell carcinoma but are limited by severe side effects. Innovative IL-2-based immunotherapeutic approaches include immunotoxins, antibody–drug conjugates, immunocytokines, antibody–cytokine fusion proteins that enhance tumor-specific delivery. These strategies activate cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes natural killer (NK) cells, eliciting potent Th1-mediated anti-tumor response. Modified IL-2 variants with reduced Treg activity further improve specificity reduce immunosuppression. Additionally, conjugates peptides or anti-angiogenic agents offer improved therapeutic profiles. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), agents, radiotherapy has demonstrated synergistic potential. Preclinical clinical studies highlight toxicity enhanced efficacy, overcoming TME-driven suppression. mitigate limitations high-dose soluble therapy, promoting activation adverse This review critically explores advances therapies, focusing on derivatives. Emphasis is placed their role combination strategies, showcasing potential to target effectively. Also, use immunocytokines “in situ” vaccination relieve immunosuppression discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 8, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Aging and Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 14, 2025
ABSTRACT Background Immunotherapy that includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a revolutionary arm of the treatment skin cancers like melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous carcinoma. Despite this leap in clinical advances, critically challenging area field emerging resistance to immunotherapy limits its efficaciousness profound segment population. This can be classified as primary resistance, which fail respond initial regimen, or acquired develops after there favorable response. A comprehensive understanding basic mechanisms figuring out novel strategies combat are necessary improve patient outcomes. Methods review recent studies was conducted with focus on preclinical evidence related cancer wide literature search databases such PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar keywords, including “skin cancer,” “immunotherapy,” “malignant melanoma,” “drug resistance,” “mechanisms,” “strategies” published last 15 years. Results study aims establish molecular cellular contribute development drug gauge overcome these barriers. Insights into were tumor‐intrinsic factors, genetic epigenetic changes, tumor‐extrinsic changes tumor microenvironment (TME) systemic immunosuppression. Therapeutic included combination therapies, newer inhibitors, modulation TME evaluated. Key leading identified include mutations signaling pathways, immunosuppressive cells TME, hypoxia contributed resistance. Upcoming counteract approaches, adoptive T‐cell therapy, immunomodulatory agents target pathways. Conclusions There complex interplay microenvironmental leads patients. multi‐pronged approach fields genomics immunology well bioinformatics required, along therapies immunomodulators, tackle enhance outcomes for patients suffering tumors.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2863 - 2863
Published: Aug. 16, 2024
Sinonasal mucosal melanoma originates from melanocytes and it is a rare malignancy in the sinonasal tract. It an aggressive melanocytic neoplasm with very poor prognosis. The symptoms are nonspecific diagnosis delayed, usually until advanced stages of disease. current study performs correlation between histopathological aspects different types immune cells present microenvironment, prognostic therapeutic implications. endpoint to quantify cellular microenvironment correlate patient survival. This presents nine cases primary melanomas diagnosed at Emergency City Hospital Timisoara, Romania during period 15 years. examination was performed Department Pathology same hospital, using morphological hematoxylin–eosin staining. Additional immunohistochemical reactions were confirm evaluate components tumor microenvironment. identifies eosinophils, macrophages, natural killer plasma as favorable factors. Therefore, CD8:CD4 ratio more than 3 correlated good response PD-1 inhibitor therapy.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 982, P. 176937 - 176937
Published: Aug. 24, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(17), P. 3065 - 3065
Published: Sept. 3, 2024
In-transit metastases (ITM) in melanoma present a significant therapeutic challenge due to their advanced stage and complex clinical nature. From traditional management with surgical resection, ITM treatment has evolved the advent of systemic therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeted therapies, which have markedly improved survival outcomes. This study aims review highlight efficacy both locoregional approaches for ITM. Methods include comprehensive studies examining impact treatments like inhibitors, Isolated Limb Perfusion, electrochemotherapy. The results indicate that combining enhances local disease control overall rates. introduction modern immunotherapies not diminished effectiveness but rather patient outcomes when used conjunction. conclusions emphasize multidisciplinary approach integrating offers promising strategy optimizing patients. integrated model only improves rates also quality life patients, suggesting shift standard care practices toward more regimens.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
European Journal of Surgical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(12), P. 108654 - 108654
Published: Sept. 6, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
0