Sarcopenia and cachexia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Sarcopenia is defined as a muscle‐wasting syndrome that occurs with accelerated aging, while cachexia severe wasting associated conditions such cancer and immunodeficiency disorders, which cannot be fully addressed through conventional nutritional supplementation. can considered component of cachexia, the bidirectional interplay between adipose tissue skeletal muscle potentially serving molecular mechanism for both conditions. However, underlying mechanisms differ. Recognizing distinctions these disorders essential advancing basic translational research in this area, enhancing diagnostic accuracy ultimately achieving effective therapeutic solutions affected patients. This review discusses microenvironment's changes contributing to conditions, recent approaches like lifestyle modifications, small molecules, interventions, emerging strategies gene editing, stem cell therapy, gut microbiome modulation. We also address challenges opportunities multimodal aiming provide insights into pathogenesis sarcopenia aiding innovative strategy development improved treatments.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Protein and Physical Exercise for the Treatment of Sarcopenia

Clinics and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1451 - 1467

Published: July 25, 2024

Sarcopenia is a multifactorial age-related disorder that causes decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to alteration of movement, risk falls, hospitalization. This article aims review recent findings on the factors underlying sarcopenia strategies required delay counteract its symptoms. We focus molecular linked ageing, role low-grade chronic acute inflammatory conditions such as cancer, which contributes onset sarcopenia, clinical criteria for diagnosis. The use drugs against still subject debate, suggested approaches restore health are based adequate dietary protein intake physical exercise. also highlight difference amount quality amino acids within animal- plant-based diets, studies have often shown varying results regarding their effect elderly people. In addition, many reported non-pharmacological approaches, an optimization training programs resistance exercise, can be effective preventing delaying sarcopenia. These not only improve maintenance skeletal but reduce care costs life expectancy

Language: Английский

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The Influence of Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome on Chorioretinal Microvasculature Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104549 - 104549

Published: March 1, 2025

To probe into the effects of malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome on changes retinal and choroidal microvasculature. achieve our goals, we employed optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), a cutting-edge non-invasive imaging technique, to compare parameters in controlled setting. A total 22 participants diagnosed with Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome were enrolled alongside healthy subjects matched for age gender as controls. Parameters under scrutiny included inner vessel flow density (VFD), thickness, vascularity index (CVI). Linear regression analyses performed identify any significant variations systemic profles associated parameters. Our data unveiled substantial discrepancies retinochoroidal microvascular health between patient cohort control group. Specifically, patients showcased notably diminished values VFD, thickness CVI, all extreme statistical significance (p<0.0001). Further, body mass (BMI) exhibited noteworthy positive association (p=0.026), whereas skeletal muscle (SMI) showed similar trend CVI through both univariate multiple linear analyses. Besides, pearson's correlation analysis also indicated that SMI was positively correlated sarcopenia patients. The collective evidence suggests malnutrition coupled exerts deleterious chorioretinal microvasculature, potential repercussions visual function. This research underscores imperative proactive monitoring early intervention targeting microvasculature battling syndrome.

Language: Английский

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Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beijing

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 1511 - 1522

Published: March 1, 2025

Sarcopenia significantly impacts the aging population, and this study investigates healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) towards stem cell therapy for sarcopenia. A cross-sectional was conducted between January 1, 2024, March 10, in medical institutions across Beijing. The included professionals aged 18-70 years who completed a self-designed KAP questionnaire (Cronbach's α=0.917). Positive defined as scoring above 80% of total score each dimension. 451 participated study, with 66.7% female 41.0% 40-49 years. attitude, practice were 18.00 [10.00, 24.00] (possible range: 12-24), 25.00 [23.00, 30.00] 6-30), 21.00 [16.00, 7-35), respectively. Of these respondents, 13.7% workers geriatrics department, had positive knowledge 22.00 [14.00, attitude 29.50 [24.00, 30.00], but their scores remain moderate at 27.00 [20.00, 35.00]. Additionally, 140 (31.0%) treated sarcopenia patients within six months 277 (61.4%) employed public tertiary hospitals knowledge. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that not having past independently associated poor (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: [0.15, 0.62], p 0.001). Mediating effect analysis showed directly affected both (β 0.475, < 0.001) 0.127, 0.004), indirectly influenced through 0.296, Healthcare exhibited inadequate attitudes inactive Disease-related has practice. Educational programs are essential to improve foster proactive among regarding

Language: Английский

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Quantitative Analysis of Salmon Calcitonin Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Permeation to substantiate Non-Invasive Bone Targeting via Sublingual Delivery

AAPS PharmSciTech, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4)

Published: March 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Dietary advanced glycation end-products exacerbate sarcopenia onset by activating apoptosis through PRMT1-mediated CRTC3 arginine methylation

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: April 7, 2025

Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, poses a major health risk to elderly population. Although dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been implicated worsening sarcopenia, precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. A sarcopenia animal model was established by feeding high AGE diet C57BL/6 mice. Muscle function were assessed using grip strength tests, rotarod tests. Proteomic analysis used identify differentially expressed proteins. Immunoprecipitation, spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation employed investigate protein interactions both vivo vitro. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR Western blotting conducted measure gene expression levels. Our results revealed that AGEs accelerated onset of mice triggering apoptosis. showed marked upregulation arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) tissues fed diet. PRMT1 mediated methylation CREB-regulated coactivator 3 (CRTC3) at R534 site within its transactivation domain, leading CRTC3 activation. The activated CRTC3, together with Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), transactivated BAX (BCL2 associated X) gene, initiating Bax downstream signaling, promoting apoptosis cells, contributing atrophy. Inhibition prevented suppressed Bax-mediated apoptotic signaling Moreover, treatment inhibitors significantly attenuated AGE-induced PRMT1-mediated plays critical role suggests potential therapeutic targets for preventing progression.

Language: Английский

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Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of EOS Full-Body Upright Imaging for Sarcopenia

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Background: Sarcopenia increases postoperative complication and mortality rates in elderly patients. Although measurement of the psoas muscle area on computed tomography (CT) scans is traditionally used to diagnose sarcopenia, CT not routine orthopaedic practice causes unnecessary radiation exposure. EOS, a low-dose full-body imaging modality, captures musculoskeletal structures an upright position, offering alternative for sarcopenia diagnosis. Methods: Patients ≥18 years age were included this retrospective study if they had undergone non-contrast spine EOS between May 2022 2024. Psoas measurements at L3 L4 made using scans, while thigh obtained with imaging. Inter- intra-rater reliabilities assessed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Predicted probabilities L4-psoas determined through logistic regression, controlling demographic covariates validated 80% 20% train-validate split. cutoffs anteroposterior (AP) thickness lateral (LAT) quadriceps use Youden index. Results: was identified 23.1% 134 patients (85 female 49 male; 121 White, 7 Black, 6 Hispanic) basis index thresholds. showed excellent ICCs (≥0.90). Multivariable regressions AP LAT as significant predictors sarcopenia. The under receiver operating characteristic curve identifying 0.85 0.77 thickness. Cutoffs 12.47 cm (males) 10.68 (females) thickness, 3.23 2.20 In validation cohort 27 patients, model 0.94 sensitivity 0.89 specificity, 0.70 1.00 specificity. Applying these entire data set that 66.7% males 75.0% females below both Conclusions: reliable mass assessment may be valuable tool assessing without scan, via correlate well CT-derived measurements. This modality aids early diagnosis, potentially enhancing preoperative planning reducing exposure, costs, resource utilization. Level Evidence: Prognostic III . See Instructions Authors complete description levels evidence.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Metabolic Pathways Between Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Sarcopenia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 4673 - 4673

Published: May 14, 2025

Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a public health concern that constantly expanding, with fast-growing prevalence, and it affects about quarter of the world’s population. This condition significant risk factor for cardiovascular, hepatic, oncologic diseases, such as hypertension, hepatoma, atherosclerosis. Sarcopenia was long considered to be an aging-related syndrome, but today, acknowledged secondarily related chronic diseases metabolic cardiovascular conditions, liver among other comorbidities associated insulin resistance inflammation, besides inactivity poor nutrition. The physiopathology involving MAFLD sarcopenia has still not been solved. Inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, seem some keys this relationship since hormone target mainly skeletal muscle. review aimed comprehensively discuss main physiological pathways involved in these conditions. are interconnected by complex network pathophysiological mechanisms, resistance, muscle tissue production capacity, inflammatory state, which contributors relationship. In addition, clinical analysis, patients manifest more severe hepatitis fibrosis when compared only MAFLD. These patients, both disorders, also present improvement their treated sarcopenia, reinforcing association between them. Lifestyle changes accompanied non-pharmacological interventions, dietary therapy increased physical activity, undoubtedly improve scenario.

Language: Английский

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Worldwide burden of antidiabetic drug-induced sarcopenia: An international pharmacovigilance study

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 105656 - 105656

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Sarcopenia: An Updated Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10766 - 10766

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Since sarcopenia is a progressive condition that leads to decreased muscle mass and function, especially in elderly people, it public health problem requires attention from researchers. This review aims highlight drug delivery systems have high efficient therapeutic potential for sarcopenia. Current as well future research needs consider the barriers encountered realization of systems, such route administration, interaction with aggressive environment human body, loading agents, targeted agents into tissue without creating undesirable adverse effects. Thus, this paper sets framework existing possibilities treatment sarcopenia, serving an inception point interdisciplinary studies.

Language: Английский

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