Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus-related Outcomes in Hospital Care Settings: A Seasonal Cohort Study of Infants in Catalonia (Spain)

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Background: In Catalonia, infants <6 months old were eligible to receive nirsevimab, a novel monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We aimed analyze nirsevimab’s effectiveness in hospital-related outcomes of the seasonal cohort (born during RSV epidemic from October January 2024) and compared them with catch-up April September 2023). Methods: Retrospective study all born between 1, 2023, 21, 2024, according their immunization nirsevimab (immunized nonimmunized). followed individuals until earliest an outcome—hospital emergency visits, hospital admission or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) due RSV-associated all-causes bronchiolitis—death end study. used Kaplan-Meier estimator fitted Cox regression models using calendar time scale estimate hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity analysis was performed through matching. Results: Among 15,341 infants, dose led adjusted HR for admission, PICU visits bronchiolitis 0.26 (95% CI: 0.17–0.39), 0.15 0.07–0.28) 0.46 0.23–0.90), respectively. For bronchiolitis, former HRs 0.45 0.31–0.63), 0.23 0.13–0.41) 0.49 0.35–0.68), Conclusions: Nirsevimab associated reductions 74% 85% hospitalizations admissions regarding These percentages are slightly lower than those cohort. This information may help implementation RSV-immunization campaigns by public health authorities.

Language: Английский

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Temporal Dynamics of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 10145 - 10145

Published: Sept. 21, 2024

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common lung complication of prematurity. Despite extensive research, our understanding its pathophysiology remains limited, as reflected by stable prevalence BPD. Prematurity primary risk factor for BPD, with oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation playing significant roles being closely linked to premature birth. Understanding interplay temporal relationship between OS crucial developing new treatments Animal studies suggest that can exacerbate each other. Clinical trials focusing solely on antioxidants or anti-inflammatory therapies have been unsuccessful. In contrast, vitamin A caffeine, antioxidant properties, shown some efficacy, reducing BPD about 10%. However, more than one-third very preterm infants still suffer from New therapeutic agents are needed. novel tripeptide, N-acetyl-lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC), a reversible myeloperoxidase inhibitor systems pharmacology agent. It reduces severity inhibiting MPO, enhancing antioxidative proteins, alleviating endoplasmic reticulum cellular senescence in hyperoxia rat model. KYC represents promising approach treatment.

Language: Английский

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Update on the Role of β2AR and TRPV1 in Respiratory Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10234 - 10234

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Respiratory diseases (RDs) constitute a common public health problem both in industrialized and developing countries. The comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions development new therapeutic strategies are critical for improving quality life affected patients. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) transient potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) involved physiological responses airways. β2AR is implicated bronchodilation, mucociliary clearance, anti-inflammatory effects, while TRPV1 mediation pain cough reflexes. In RDs, such as respiratory infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, concentration expression receptors can be altered, leading to significant consequences. this review, we provided an update on literature about role conditions. We reported how diminished or defective during viral infections prolonged therapy with β2-agonists increase severity pathologies impact prognosis. Conversely, was pivotal neuroinflammation, its modulation could lead innovative treatment specific indicate future perspectives personalized treatments RDs through comprehensive analysis roles pathological pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Bronchiolitis Severity Affects Blood Count and Inflammatory Marker Levels: A Real-Life Experience

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 77 - 77

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in first year life. We analyzed association between complete blood count (CBC), c-reactive protein (CRP), and novel inflammatory indexes (NLR, PLR, MLR, ELR, LMR, NPR, LPR, LNR, PNR, SII, SIRI) predicting bronchiolitis severity at hospital admission. retrospectively collected data from 95 infants hospitalized for a third-level during three epidemic seasons. Five outcomes were analyzed: BRAS; pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission; ventilatory support; intravenous (IV) rehydration; length stay (LOS). Lower age weight admission statistically associated with four five outcomes. Prolonged LOS (≥6 days) was high values total white cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils. Only (PLR, PNR) showed significant one outcome (prolonged LOS). A new index (RBC/AiW/1000) each value > 350. proposed comprehensive analysis CBC, CRP, severity. RBC/AiW/1000 could represent future predictive marker disease bronchiolitis.

Language: Английский

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The Therapeutic Efficacy and Molecular Mechanisms of Artemisia argyi Essential Oil in Treating Feline Herpesvirus Infection via Nasal Drops

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 80 - 80

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of Artemisia argyi essential oil (AAEO) in managing feline herpesvirus type 1 (FeHV-1) infections. FeHV-1, causative agent viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), leads severe respiratory systemic complications cats. In this study, 35 cats were divided into blank, FeHV-1 infection, AAEO treatment groups (high, medium, low doses). vivo experiments demonstrated that alleviated clinical symptoms, reduced tissue damage, modulated immune responses. The AAEO-treated showed higher survival rates, stabilized body temperatures, less weight loss compared group. Histopathological analysis revealed improved integrity nasal, tracheal, bronchial tissues. Transcriptomic proteomic analyses identified critical pathways, such as IL-17 signaling, influenced by treatment, highlighting its role suppressing inflammation protecting integrity. vitro assays has concentration-dependent cytotoxicity kidney cells (F81) provides protective effects when used a pre-treatment. These findings suggest enhances host defenses mitigates FeHV-1-induced damage through modulation protection.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 on Gut and Respiratory Health in Infant

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1323 - 1323

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections in pediatric populations are major public health concerns. Addressing these challenges necessitates effective preventative therapeutic strategies. This study assessed the efficacy of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 (0.5 × 1010 CFU) reducing duration frequency young children. In a randomized trial, 115 eligible children were assigned to either (n = 57; 3.51 ± 0.48 months old) or placebo 58; 2.78 0.51 group, with daily consumption for 4 weeks. The group demonstrated lower than (p < 0.05). also showed fewer clinical visits due respiratory problems as compared 0.009 & p 0.004, respectively). Oral swab samples revealed that had higher levels pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α after weeks 0.033), while balanced response, indicating modulation immune system. Genomic analysis harbors various genes synthesis proteins vitamins crucial gut Both genomic findings suggested offered effect on children, highlighting its potential managing common infections.

Language: Английский

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Adherence to Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis in Romanian Infants

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 171 - 171

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

In 2022, Romania started an RSV immunoprophylaxis program with Palivizumab for infants at high risk: preterm born before 35 weeks of pregnancy, congenital heart defects, and chronic lung disease. We evaluated treatment adherence from August 2022 to March 2024. monitored the increase in number patients enrolled collaborating neonatologists, family doctors, pediatricians. Adherence all doses was assessed by telephone interviews. The factors contributing reduced were identified. Between 2024, 1903 233 specialists enrolled, a steady both cohorts. percentage that complete their full sequence decreases along (99% one dose, 73% two doses, 47% three 35% four 22% five doses) due several factors. remains highly regarded physicians caregivers, demonstrating its effectiveness as valuable resource educating parents facilitating monoclonal antibody administration prevention method RSV.

Language: Английский

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Impact of E-Cigarettes on Fetal and Neonatal Lung Development: The Influence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 262 - 262

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) recently increased their popularity as "safer" alternatives to traditional tobacco smoking, including among pregnant women. However, the effect of e-cig exposure on fetal and neonatal developing lungs remains poorly investigated. In this review, we analysed impact aerosol components (e.g., nicotine, solvents, flavouring agents) respiratory system development. We particularly emphasized role e-cig-related oxidative stress inflammation lung impairment. Nicotine contained in e-cigs can impair development at anatomical molecular levels. Solvents flavours induce contribute compromising function. Studies suggest that prenatal may increase risk future diseases offspring, such asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Preventive strategies, smoking cessation programs antioxidant supplementation, be essential for safeguarding health. There is an urgent need explore safety profile potential risks e-cigs, especially considering limited studies humans. This review highlights necessity regulating use during pregnancy promoting awareness its consequences

Language: Английский

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Recent insights and advances in gut microbiota's influence on host antiviral immunity

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

A diverse array of microbial organisms colonizes the human body, collectively known as symbiotic communities. Among various pathogen infections that hosts encounter, viral represent one most significant public health challenges worldwide. The gut microbiota is considered an important biological barrier against and may serve a promising target for adjuvant antiviral therapy. However, potential impact on infection remains relatively understudied. In this review, we discuss specific regulatory mechanisms in immunity, highlighting recent advances how regulate host immune response, produce immune-related molecules, enhance host's defense viruses. Finally, also oral probiotics.

Language: Английский

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In vitro models to study viral-induced asthma exacerbation: a short review for a key issue

Frontiers in Allergy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: March 28, 2025

Asthma is a heterogenous inflammatory bronchial disease involving complex mechanisms, several pathways, and multiples cell-type networks. Bronchial inflammation associated to asthma consecutive multiple aggressions on epithelium, such as microbiologic, pollutant, antigenic agents, which are responsible for both T2 non-T2 responses further airway remodeling. Because physiopathology involves crosstalk between cell types from different origins (epithelial, mesenchymal, immune cells) numerous cellular effectors, no single and/or representative in vitro model suitable study the overall of this disease. In short review, we present discuss advantages limitations models decipher aspects virus-related exacerbation.

Language: Английский

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