Allergy Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticle-based Allergen Immunotherapy

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: March 20, 2025

Allergic disorders rising in prevalence globally, affecting a substantial proportion of individuals industrialized nations. The imbalance the immune system, characterized by elevated allergen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, is key factor allergy development. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) only treatment capable alleviating allergic symptoms, preventing new sensitizations, reducing asthma risk rhinitis patients. Traditional AIT, however, faces challenges such as frequent administration, adverse effects, inconsistent patient outcomes. Nanoparticle-based approaches have emerged promising strategy to enhance AIT. This review explores utilization nanoparticles highlighting their ability interact with system improve therapeutic Various types nanoparticles, including polyesters, polysaccharide polymers, liposomes, protamine-based (NPs), polyanhydrides, been employed adjuvants or carriers AIT’s efficacy safety. Nanoparticles offer advantages allergen protection, improved response modulation, targeted cell delivery, reduced side effects. provides an overview current landscape nanoparticle-based immunotherapy, discussing its potential revolutionize compared traditional immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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The role of ILC2s in asthma combined with atopic dermatitis: bridging the gap from research to clinical practice

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 1, 2025

Asthma, a complex and heterogeneous respiratory disease, is often accompanied by various comorbidities, notably atopic dermatitis (AD). AD characterized recurrent eczematous lesions severe itching, can trigger or exacerbate asthma. Individuals with are 2.16 times more likely to develop asthma compared the reference population. Furthermore, asthmatics experience frequent emergency department visits hospital admissions patients alone. The close connection between indicates there overlap pathophysiologic mechanisms. It well-known that dysregulated type 2 (T2) immune inflammation pivotal in development of both asthma, traditionally attributed CD4+ helper T (Th2) cells. Over past decade, group innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), as potent cells, have been demonstrated be key drivers T2 inflammation, playing crucial role pathogenesis AD. ILC2s not only immune-inflammation but also coordinate recruitment activation adaptive thereby intensifying inflammatory response. They rapidly activated epithelium alarmins producing copious amounts cytokines such interleukin (IL) -5 IL-13 mediate airway hyperresponsiveness, cutaneous AD, respectively. promising efficiency targeted has further proven their essential roles conditions. However, best our knowledge, currently no review article specifically exploring combined potential future therapeutic targets. Hence, we hypothesize may play targeting could approach for this condition future. In review, discuss recent insights biology, focus on current knowledge particularly suggest how might used improved treatments

Language: Английский

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Integrating 16S rRNA Sequencing, Microflora Metabolism, and Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Mechanism of SBL in Alleviating HDM-Induced Allergic Rhinitis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(16), P. 8655 - 8655

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a series of allergic reactions to allergens in the nasal mucosa and one most common diseases that affect both children adults. Shi-Bi-Lin (SBL) modified formula Cang Er Zi San (CEZS), traditional Chinese herbal used for treating AR. Our study aims elucidate anti-inflammatory effects mechanisms SBL house dust mite-induced AR by regulating gut microflora metabolism. In vivo studies showed allergies infiltration inflammatory cells epithelium were significantly suppressed SBL. Moreover, restored impaired epithelial barrier function with an increased tight junction protein expression reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Interestingly, reconstituted abundance composition microbiota mice; it relative potentially beneficial genera decreased harmful genera. also immune-related metabolisms, which correlated suppressing cytokines. Furthermore, network analysis molecular docking indicated IL-6 was possible target drug candidate treatment. dramatically level lavage fluid (NALF), downstream Erk1/2 AKT/PI3K signaling pathways. conclusion, our integrates 16S rRNA sequencing, metabolism, pharmacology explain immune mechanism alleviating HDM-induced rhinitis.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Protective Role of Maternal Lung Cancer History on Allergic Rhinitis

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(2), P. 156 - 163

Published: Dec. 26, 2024

The causal relationship between family history of lung cancer and allergic rhinitis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association rhinitis, along with potential mediating mechanisms, using Mendelian randomization. A bidirectional two-sample randomization analysis was conducted assess (including parental, paternal, maternal, sibling histories) genetic variants associated as instrumental variables. Additionally, mediation performed investigate role specific metabolites in this relationship. revealed a significant parental maternal showing strong protective effect against (OR = 0.28, p<0.05). Mediation further indicated that such 1-linoleoyl-GPE (18:2) N-palmitoyl-sphingosine exhibited negative effects rhinitis. Lower levels these enhanced on demonstrates potentially playing role. Changes are suggesting may be crucial regulating These findings provide new insights into immune-related diseases, offering directions for future clinical prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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