Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Lifestyle Modifications

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 72 - 72

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which leading cause morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. A central pathophysiological mechanism linking T2DM to complications oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production body’s antioxidant defenses. Hyperglycemia in promotes stress through various pathways, including formation advanced glycation end products, activation protein kinase C, mitochondrial dysfunction, polyol pathway. These processes enhance ROS generation, endothelial vascular inflammation, exacerbation damage. Additionally, disrupts nitric oxide signaling, impairing vasodilation promoting vasoconstriction, contributes complications. This review explores molecular mechanisms by pathogenesis disease T2DM. It also examines potential lifestyle modifications, such dietary changes physical activity, reducing mitigating risks this high-risk population. Understanding these critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies improve outcomes

Language: Английский

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Global Burden, Trends, and Inequalities of Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Cancer, 1990–2021: A Decomposition and Age–Period–Cohort Analysis

Liver International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) increasingly aggravates the global malignancy burden. This study aimed to evaluate updated condition of GBTC temporal burden trends inequalities from 1990 2021. Methods Data on were extracted Global Burden Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Incidence, deaths, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) their age‐standardised rates (ASR) quantified 2021, stratified by sex, age sociodemographic index (SDI). The age–period–cohort (APC) model was used elucidate effects age, period, cohort. Decomposition analysis cross‐country inequality evaluation performed assess contributing factors disease imbalance, respectively. Bayesian APC estimate future Results In incident cases 216 768, with 171 961 deaths 3 732 121 DALYs lost. From ASR incidence, mortality, decreased slightly. Males showed a slight increase in while females experienced significant decrease. High‐income regions, particularly Asia Pacific Latin America, exhibited higher burden, Western Sub‐Saharan Africa had lowest. Low low‐middle SDI regions gradual rise all metrics despite lower absolute numbers. indicated that incidence tended but gender differences existed. Besides, deteriorating cohort effect detected amongst individuals born between 1907 1917. revealed population growth primary driver increased globally. Significant disparities observed, notable decline over time. Projections slow through 2040, more pronounced decrease females. Conclusions There are regional GBTC. Population remains major contributor Despite overall decline, increasing low lower‐middle persistent male highlight need for targeted interventions. Future efforts should focus addressing socio‐economic reducing risk factors, vulnerable populations.

Language: Английский

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Non-communicable diseases and risk factors profiling among geriatric population residing in Hyderabad city, India

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100153 - 100153

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Burden of type 2 diabetes due to high body mass index in different SDI regions and projections of future trends: insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 862 - 862

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between vaccine formulation and recipient’s immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists individual population responses to vaccination, these differences remain focus ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, genetic predisposition, influence responses. In contrast, effects overweight obesity have not been thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that high body mass index (BMI) constitutes significant risk factor infections general, with adipose tissue playing crucial role modulating response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels seroconversion observed among individuals obesity. This review provides plausible examination immunity conferred by various vaccines status, offering comprehensive analysis mechanisms enhance vaccination efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Social, cultural and ethnic determinants of obesity: from pathogenesis to treatment

Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103901 - 103901

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Obesity is a multifactorial disease influenced by several factors including poor diet, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. In recent years, the social environmental context, along with race/ethnicity gender, have been recognized as influencing obesity risk beyond traditional factors. This review aims to increase knowledge of these causal determinants their implications for treatment management obesity, addressing not only individual but also societal sphere. A growing body evidence emphasizes interaction between environments in shaping personal behaviors related obesity. Social disparities, such socioeconomic status (income, education, employment), racial/ethnic differences, contribute significantly weight gain from childhood adulthood. These cardiovascular factors, independent clinical demographic variables, may lead stigma discrimination against those affected. prevention solutions, community programs national policies, be more effective if they address social, ethnic barriers. Understanding requires comprehensive approach that includes environmental, psychological well biological causes, help experts develop interventions tailored diseases.

Language: Английский

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Annual prevalence and factors associated with body mass index documentation in German general practices—A retrospective cross‐sectional study

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence body mass index (BMI) documentation by general practitioners (GPs) in Germany and identify associated patient characteristics determinants. Materials Methods A retrospective cross‐sectional analysis conducted using data from IQVIA Disease Analyzer database, which provides anonymized medical over 3000 office‐based GPs specialists Germany. included 989 955 patients aged ≥18 years who visited their GP 2023 were categorized based on whether they had documented BMI. likelihood BMI assessed across age group, sex, health insurance several disorders. Associations analysed multivariable logistic regression. Results recorded for only 10.8% patients. increased with (7.3% ≤40 13.8% those >70 years) number disorders no 23.2% more than four disorders). No notable differences observed between sexes or insurance. Multivariable regression revealed that older groups (61–70 years: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.43–1.49) such as obesity (OR 2.15, 2.01–2.21) type 2 diabetes mellitus 2.12, 2.08–2.17) strongest association documentation. Conclusions is not routinely However, presence increase recording information. These findings underscore a need prioritize assessment management primary care settings

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Health in Women

Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Abdominal volume index is associated with higher oxidized LDL, high blood pressure and lower HDL among obese adults

BMC Endocrine Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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Global burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index in older adults 1990–2021 and prediction to 2050: An analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

World Allergy Organization Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 101040 - 101040

Published: March 1, 2025

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that high body mass index was a primary risk factor for asthma, particularly impacting older adults. This study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal trends asthma burden attributable in adults from 1990 2021 project up 2050.MethodWe extracted data Global Burden of Disease Study population aged over 60 years with BMI. Relevant indicators included number deaths, disability-adjusted life years, mortality, rates were directly standardized. Spearman rank correlation test tested against Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Decomposition analysis used decompose changes according structure, growth, epidemiologic changes. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model predict burden.ResultsFrom 2021, despite downward global mortality life-year rates, increase by 69% 46%, rising 43,628 cases (95% CI: 18,366–71 088) 1,223,969 526,972–1 945,426). Age-standardized more severe regions lower SDI, such as Oceania. Mortality increased age, higher observed females compared males. Population growth had significant impact on deaths contributing approximately 158% 222%, respectively. Asthma will continue rise 101,252 2,941,172 2050.ConclusionThe due has risen significantly is expected this trend, highlighting importance developing public health strategies address issue.

Language: Английский

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