Oxidative Stress and Cancer Therapy: Controlling Cancer Cells Using Reactive Oxygen Species

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 12387 - 12387

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Cancer is a multifaceted disease influenced by various mechanisms, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have paradoxical role in both promoting cancer progression and serving as targets for therapeutic interventions. At low concentrations, ROS serve signaling agents that enhance cell proliferation, migration, resistance to drugs. However, at elevated levels, induce oxidative stress, causing damage biomolecules leading death. cells developed mechanisms manage activating pathways such NRF2, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt. This review explores relationship between cancer, focusing on death like apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, highlighting potential strategies exploit target cells.

Language: Английский

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Sex Disparity in Cancer: Role of Autophagy and Estrogen Receptors

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 273 - 273

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Autophagy, a cellular process essential for maintaining homeostasis, plays fundamental role in recycling damaged components and adapting to stress. The dysregulation of autophagy is implicated numerous human diseases, including cancer, where it exhibits dual as both suppressor promoter, depending on the context stage tumor development. significant sex differences observed autophagic processes are determined by biological factors, such genetic makeup hormones. Estrogens, through their interaction with specific receptors, modulate influence progression, therapy resistance, immune response tumors. In females, escape from X inactivation estrogen signaling may be responsible advantages, terms lower incidence longer survival, oncology. Women often show better responses traditional chemotherapy, while men respond immunotherapy. action hormones system could contribute these differences. However, women experience more severe adverse reactions anticancer drugs. estrogen/autophagy crosstalk-involved multiple aspects tumor, i.e., development, progression therapy-deserves an in-depth study, highlight sex-specific mechanisms useful designing innovative gender-tailored treatments perspective precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Untargeted Lipidomic Biomarkers for Liver Cancer Diagnosis: A Tree-Based Machine Learning Model Enhanced by Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 405 - 405

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Background and Objectives: Liver cancer ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, necessitating development novel diagnostic methods. Deregulated lipid metabolism, a hallmark hepatocarcinogenesis, offers compelling prospects for biomarker identification. This study aims to employ explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) identify lipidomic biomarkers liver develop robust predictive model early diagnosis. Materials Methods: included 219 patients diagnosed with healthy controls. Serum samples underwent untargeted analysis LC-QTOF-MS. Lipidomic data univariate multivariate analyses, including fold change (FC), t-tests, PLS-DA, Elastic Network feature selection, significant candidate lipids. Machine learning models (AdaBoost, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting) were developed evaluated utilizing these differentiate cancer. The AUC metric was employed optimal model, whereas SHAP utilized achieve interpretability model’s decisions. Results: Notable alterations in profiles observed: decreased sphingomyelins (SM d39:2, SM d41:2) increased fatty acids (FA 14:1, FA 22:2) phosphatidylcholines (PC 34:1, PC 32:1). AdaBoost exhibited superior classification performance, achieving an 0.875. identified 40:4 as most efficacious predictions. d41:2 d36:3 lipids specifically associated risk low-onset elevated levels lipid. Conclusions: demonstrates that lipidomics, conjunction machine learning, may effectively detection results suggest metabolism are crucial progression provide valuable insights incorporating lipidomics into precision oncology.

Language: Английский

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Xingxiao Pills Suppresses Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Inhibiting the PLA2G4A-GLI1-SOX2 Axis

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 156826 - 156826

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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