Exploring the Protective Effects of Traditional Antidiabetic Medications and Novel Antihyperglycemic Agents in Diabetic Rodent Models DOI Creative Commons

Cosmin Gabriel Tartau,

Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc, Liliana Mititelu-Tarțău

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 670 - 670

Published: May 1, 2025

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder that affects multiple organs, leading to severe complications in the pancreas, kidneys, liver, and heart. Prolonged hyperglycemia, along with oxidative stress chronic inflammation, plays crucial role accelerating tissue damage, significantly increasing risk of diabetic such as nephropathy, hepatopathy, cardiovascular disease. This review evaluates protective effects various antidiabetic treatments on organ tissues affected by T2D, based findings from experimental animal models. Metformin, first-line agent, has been widely recognized for its ability reduce inflammation stress, thereby mitigating diabetes-induced damage. Its extends beyond glucose regulation, offering benefits improved mitochondrial function reduced fibrosis tissues. In addition traditional therapies, new classes drugs, including sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists not only improve glycemic control but also exhibit nephroprotective cardioprotective properties reducing glomerular hyperfiltration, inflammation. Similarly, GLP-1 have associated hepatic steatosis enhanced function. Preclinical studies suggest tirzepatide, dual GLP-1/gastric inhibitory polypeptide agonist may offer superior compared conventional improving β-cell function, enhancing insulin sensitivity, fatty liver progression. Despite promising preclinical results, differences between models human physiology pose challenge. Further clinical research needed confirm these refine treatment strategies. Future T2D management aims go control, emphasizing protection long-term disease prevention.

Language: Английский

The Anti-Aging Mechanism of Metformin: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Applications DOI Creative Commons

Ting Zhang,

Zhou Li-jun, Meagan J. Makarczyk

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 816 - 816

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Aging represents a complex biological phenomenon marked by the progressive deterioration of physiological functions over time, reduced resilience, and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases, ultimately culminating in mortality. Recent research has uncovered diverse molecular mechanisms through which metformin extends its benefits beyond glycemic control, presenting it as promising intervention against aging. This review delves into anti-aging properties metformin, highlighting role mitochondrial energy modulation, activation AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, stimulation autophagy, mitigation inflammation linked cellular Furthermore, we discuss influence on epigenetic modifications that underpin genomic stability homeostasis. Metformin's potential addressing age-associated disorders including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases is also explored. The Targeting with Metformin (TAME) trial aims provide key evidence efficacy delaying aging humans. Despite these insights, significant challenges persist gaining more comprehensive understanding underlying mechanisms, determining optimal dosing strategies, evaluating long-term safety non-diabetic populations. Addressing crucial fully realizing metformin's an therapeutic.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Application of Nanomaterials in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal Diseases DOI

Yufei Yao,

Qiannan Cao,

Huapan Fang

et al.

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

Abstract In recent years, nanomaterials have demonstrated broad prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as small‐size effects, high biocompatibility, functional surfaces. Retinal are often accompanied by complex pathological microenvironments, where conventional diagnostic therapeutic approaches face challenges low drug delivery efficiency, risks associated with invasive procedures, difficulties real‐time monitoring. Nanomaterials hold promise addressing these limitations traditional therapies, thereby improving precision efficacy. The applications diagnostics summarized, they enable high‐resolution imaging carrying fluorescent probes or contrast agents act biosensors sensitively detect disease‐related biomarkers, facilitating early dynamic therapeutics, functionalized nanocarriers can precisely deliver drugs, genes, antioxidant molecules target cells, significantly enhancing outcomes while reducing systemic toxicity. Additionally, nanofiber materials possess properties that make them particularly suitable for regeneration tissue engineering. By loading neurotrophic factors into scaffolds, regenerative effects be amplified, promoting repair neurons. Despite immense potential, clinical translation still requires long‐term biosafety, scalable manufacturing processes, optimization targeting efficiency.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Exploring the Protective Effects of Traditional Antidiabetic Medications and Novel Antihyperglycemic Agents in Diabetic Rodent Models DOI Creative Commons

Cosmin Gabriel Tartau,

Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc, Liliana Mititelu-Tarțău

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 670 - 670

Published: May 1, 2025

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder that affects multiple organs, leading to severe complications in the pancreas, kidneys, liver, and heart. Prolonged hyperglycemia, along with oxidative stress chronic inflammation, plays crucial role accelerating tissue damage, significantly increasing risk of diabetic such as nephropathy, hepatopathy, cardiovascular disease. This review evaluates protective effects various antidiabetic treatments on organ tissues affected by T2D, based findings from experimental animal models. Metformin, first-line agent, has been widely recognized for its ability reduce inflammation stress, thereby mitigating diabetes-induced damage. Its extends beyond glucose regulation, offering benefits improved mitochondrial function reduced fibrosis tissues. In addition traditional therapies, new classes drugs, including sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists not only improve glycemic control but also exhibit nephroprotective cardioprotective properties reducing glomerular hyperfiltration, inflammation. Similarly, GLP-1 have associated hepatic steatosis enhanced function. Preclinical studies suggest tirzepatide, dual GLP-1/gastric inhibitory polypeptide agonist may offer superior compared conventional improving β-cell function, enhancing insulin sensitivity, fatty liver progression. Despite promising preclinical results, differences between models human physiology pose challenge. Further clinical research needed confirm these refine treatment strategies. Future T2D management aims go control, emphasizing protection long-term disease prevention.

Language: Английский

Citations

0