A Comprehensive Review of the Manifestation of Cardiovascular Diseases in HIV Patients DOI Open Access

Yozahandy A. Abarca,

Bhavya Chadalavada,

Jose R Ceron

et al.

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The increasing lifespan of people living with HIV (PLWH) due to advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shifted mortality patterns from AIDS-related non-AIDS-related causes, notably cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review investigates how and ART contribute vascular endothelial dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, hypercoagulation, which significantly exacerbate risk. Mechanistic insights include chronic inflammation immune dysregulation persistent infection ART-specific effects such as protease inhibitors causing dyslipidemia zidovudine inducing mitochondrial toxicity leading cardiomyopathy. ART, while lifesaving, been implicated promoting subclinical atherosclerosis the risk acute infarction, further highlighting need for tailored approaches. manuscript addresses pressing obstacles, including disparities healthcare access lack standardized screening guidelines specific PLWH. It emphasizes integration advanced imaging techniques emerging biomarkers, coronary artery calcium scoring soluble ST2, detect early abnormalities. also identifies challenges selection balance virologic control safety. What sets this apart is its holistic detailed approach intersection health. not only elucidates complex pathophysiological mechanisms but offers actionable into current clinical fall short. underscores urgency implementing proactive protocols PLWH refining regimens mitigate CVD risks. By addressing these gaps, work aims expand our understanding HIV-related manifestations provide a foundation targeted interventions, thereby improving long-term health outcomes comprehensive perspective poised transform practice by fostering greater awareness among physicians encouraging development more effective strategies managing risks population.

Language: Английский

A Comprehensive Review of the Manifestation of Cardiovascular Diseases in HIV Patients DOI Open Access

Yozahandy A. Abarca,

Bhavya Chadalavada,

Jose R Ceron

et al.

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The increasing lifespan of people living with HIV (PLWH) due to advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shifted mortality patterns from AIDS-related non-AIDS-related causes, notably cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review investigates how and ART contribute vascular endothelial dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, hypercoagulation, which significantly exacerbate risk. Mechanistic insights include chronic inflammation immune dysregulation persistent infection ART-specific effects such as protease inhibitors causing dyslipidemia zidovudine inducing mitochondrial toxicity leading cardiomyopathy. ART, while lifesaving, been implicated promoting subclinical atherosclerosis the risk acute infarction, further highlighting need for tailored approaches. manuscript addresses pressing obstacles, including disparities healthcare access lack standardized screening guidelines specific PLWH. It emphasizes integration advanced imaging techniques emerging biomarkers, coronary artery calcium scoring soluble ST2, detect early abnormalities. also identifies challenges selection balance virologic control safety. What sets this apart is its holistic detailed approach intersection health. not only elucidates complex pathophysiological mechanisms but offers actionable into current clinical fall short. underscores urgency implementing proactive protocols PLWH refining regimens mitigate CVD risks. By addressing these gaps, work aims expand our understanding HIV-related manifestations provide a foundation targeted interventions, thereby improving long-term health outcomes comprehensive perspective poised transform practice by fostering greater awareness among physicians encouraging development more effective strategies managing risks population.

Language: Английский

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