Enhancing plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus through the combined application of Verticillium dahliae Aspf2‐like protein and microelements

Pest Management Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

Abstract BACKGROUND Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) poses a significant threat to global agriculture, infecting economically vital crops such as tobacco, tomato, pepper, and potato. Previous studies have suggested that the Verticillium dahliae Aspf2‐like protein (VDAL) enhances plant resistance TMV. This study investigated preventive therapeutic effects of VDAL, with without microelements, on TMV by analyzing hormone levels, defense related enzyme activities, transcriptomic responses. RESULTS Plants were subjected six experimental treatments: CK0 (untreated control, no or VDAL treatment), CK (TMV inoculated control), T1 (preventive T2 + microelements), CT1 (therapeutic CT2 microelements). inoculation (CK) significantly increased ( P < 0.05) content, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic (SA) activities enzymes, including benzoic 2‐hydroxylase (BA2H), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared CK0. Both treatments (T1 T2) effectively reduced content enhanced JA, SA, activities. Notably, microelement‐supplemented treatment (T2) showed 37.73% greater reduction in T1. Similarly, applications, 32.50% than CT1. Treatments also contents JA 5.48% 2.88%, respectively their respective controls. Transcriptomic analysis revealed these activated plant–pathogen interaction pathways pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity PTI ), upregulation key genes (e.g., CALM , BAK1 PTI6 WRKY33 indicating robust antiviral response. CONCLUSION Overall, we conclude synergistic application microelements through coordinated activation phytohormone signaling, immune‐related gene expression. combined approach offers an effective, eco‐friendly alternative for sustainable management viral diseases agricultural crops. © 2025 Society Chemical Industry.

Language: Английский

Intercropping and Green Manure Return Mitigate Arsenic Contamination in Rice via Induced Shifts in Soil Enzymatic Activities and Microbial Communities

Land Degradation and Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 26, 2025

ABSTRACT Arsenic (As)‐accumulating plants are used in monoculture or intercropping to remediate contaminated soils, but their As‐rich biomass poses environmental risks. Using this as green manure is a promising strategy improve soil health, crop yield, and microbial diversity. However, its effects on stress tolerance As accumulation brown rice remain poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of five manures derived from As‐accumulating physiology communities As‐contaminated under rotations. The application significantly increased yield (25.42–39.53 g/plant) alleviated physiological stress. Activities oxidative stress‐related enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) were reduced by 38.70%, 40.13%, 37.30%, respectively, along with 48.46% decrease malondialdehyde content. Green also improved physicochemical properties, including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (SOM), while reducing available concentration. These improvements accompanied enhanced enzyme activities (β‐glucosidase, protease, urease, acid phosphatase) distinct shifts community composition. Notably, relative abundances Proteobacteria Chloroflexi decreased, Nitrospira, Sphingomonas, Acidibacter, Rokubacteriales, Pedomicrobium, Nocardioides, Saccharimonas, Terrimonas, Haliangium , Flavobacterium increased. taxa exhibited strong negative correlations concentrations positive associations CEC, SOM, activities. postphytoremediation resilience, quality, beneficial populations. approach offers sustainable way reduce risks boost productivity rotation systems.

Language: Английский