Emerald Ash Borer Management and Research: Decades of Damage and Still Expanding

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 239 - 258

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Since the discovery of ash tree ( Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in United States 2002 and Moscow, Russia 2003, substantial detection management efforts have been applied to contain monitor its spread mitigate impacts. Despite these efforts, pest continues within North America. It has European Ukraine is causing sporadic outbreaks native range China. The dynamics EAB's expansion events appear be linked lack resistant trees invaded ranges, facilitated by abundance or planted American susceptible species. We review recently gained knowledge EAB; ecological, economic, social impacts; past with their successes limitations. also highlight advances biological control, mechanisms resistance, new approaches under development, aim guiding more effective management.

Language: Английский

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Emerald Ash Borer Approaches the Borders of the European Union and Kazakhstan and Is Confirmed to Infest European Ash

Forests, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 691 - 691

Published: May 27, 2021

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, native to East Asia, is an invasive pest of in North America and European Russia. This quarantine species a threat trees all over Europe. Survey ten provinces Russia 2019–2020 showed that EAB had spread faster farther than was previously thought. The new infested sites were first detected St. Petersburg (110–120 km from the EU border: Estonia, Finland) Astrakhan Province (50 Kazakhstan border). current range Europe includes Luhansk Ukraine 18 Russia: Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaluga, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, Petersburg, Tambov, Tula, Tver, Vladimir, Volgograd, Voronezh, Yaroslavl. Within these, only seven phytosanitary zones five are declared by National Plant Protection Organization not found regions along Middle Volga: Mari El, Chuvash Tatarstan republics, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara Saratov provinces. Lower Volga basin enclaves separated core invasion 470 370 km, correspondingly. It possible can appear cities Eastern far known range. All infestations green (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), which introduced America, individual (F. excelsior). A confirmed case mass decline several thousand EAB-infested Moscow province provided. Therefore, there no more doubt under certain conditions seriously damage forests.

Language: Английский

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Southern Range Expansion of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis, in Russia Threatens Ash and Olive Trees in the Middle East and Southern Europe

Forests, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 541 - 541

Published: March 30, 2022

Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is the most serious invasive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp., Oleaceae) in world. It has not yet reached range olive tree plantations, however it been shown to complete its life cycle this host tree. This native East Asia was first found Europe Moscow 2003 and spreading ever since. The aims study were determine if southern border already Caucasus assess potential region based on availability heat availability. In 2021, we surveyed south known Russia. We did find six cities North but city Azov close Caucasus. Analysis information about 550 localities showed that Fraxinus spp. common throughout region. calculation annual growing degree days base 10 °C indicated places where grow above 1500 m are too cold for A. therefore could potentially become a refuge trees. spread concern. First, forest ecosystems endangered, since European excelsior much more there than currently infested regions Second, Russian can gateway Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey other countries Middle Southern Europe. propose using angustifolia, F. ornus Olea europaea adjacent as sentinel monitoring risk assessment these species.

Language: Английский

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An integrative phenology and climatic suitability model for emerald ash borer

Frontiers in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Introduction Decision support models that predict both when and where to expect emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), are needed for the development implementation of effective management strategies against this major invasive pest ( Fraxinus species) in North America other regions such as Europe. We present a spatialized model phenology climatic suitability EAB use Degree-Days, Risk, Phenological event mapping (DDRP) platform, which is an open-source decision tool help detect, monitor, manage threats. Methods evaluated using presence records from three geographic (China, America, Europe) phenological dataset consisting primarily observations northeastern midwestern United States. To demonstrate model, we produced maps recent year tested trends EAB’s potential distribution over 20-year period. Results Overall, exhibited strong performance. Presence was correctly estimated 99% predicted dates adult events corresponded closely with observed dates, mean absolute error ca. 7 days low estimates bias. Climate stresses were insufficient exclude areas native species Europe; however, extreme weather events, climate warming, inability complete its life cycle may reduce some areas. Significant toward earlier emergence 20 years occurred only Discussion Near real-time forecasts conterminous States available at two websites provide end-users decision-support surveillance pest. Forecasts egg hatch particularly relevant managing existing populations pesticide treatments parasitoid introductions.

Language: Английский

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Agrilus planipennis Pest Report to support the ranking of EU candidate priority pests

EFSA Supporting Publications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract In 2022, EFSA was mandated by the European Commission's Directorate‐General for Health and Food Safety (M‐2022‐00070) to provide technical assistance on list of Union quarantine pests qualifying as priority pests, specified in Article 6(2) Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 protective measures against plant pests. As part Task C, conducted expert knowledge elicitations candidate focusing lag period, expansion rate impact production (yield quality losses) environment. This report provides rationale dataset Agrilus planipennis, delivered Joint Research Centre, feed into Impact Indicator Priority Pests (I2P2) model complete pest prioritisation ranking exercise.

Language: Английский

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North-Westward Expansion of the Invasive Range of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) towards the EU: From Moscow to Saint Petersburg

Forests, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 502 - 502

Published: April 16, 2021

Agrilus planipennis is a devastating invasive pest of ash trees in European Russia, Ukraine, and North America. To monitor the north-western limit its range, June 2018 we established 10 study plots along federal highway M10 (Russia) that runs between Moscow Saint Petersburg through Tver’ City (approx. 180 km from Moscow), lined with trees. On each plot, 2–4 Fraxinus pennsylvanica heights ranging 6.1–17.0 m diameters 7.0–18.0 cm were girdled, i.e., 50 their bark removed. The visited girdled examined September November, 2018, October, 2019. Observations revealed current continuous A. range Russia coincides border this has not distinctly shifted north-westward during 2015–2019. In spite rich food supply (due to abundant F. excelsior plantings) roads going from, population density area currently low. Recent (September 2020) sudden detection spatially isolated outbreak approx. 520 far (in Petersburg) suggested most likely had arrived at by gradual stepwise (flying tree-to-tree) expansion City, but as result accidental introduction means of, e.g., “insect-hitchhiked” vehicles, transported plants for planting, and/or other commodities. proximity reported A.planipennis borders EU 130 Estonia Finland) requires urgent measures containment control, constant monitoring.

Language: Английский

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Low Heat Availability Could Limit the Potential Spread of the Emerald Ash Borer to Northern Europe (Prognosis Based on Growing Degree Days per Year)

Insects, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 52 - 52

Published: Jan. 2, 2022

Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is one of 20 priority quarantine pests the European Union. It native to Asia and established in USA, Canada, Russia, Ukraine. We made first prognosis potential range A. Europe based on heat availability. Mean annual growing degree days base 10 °C (AGDD10) was calculated for each grid square (0.25° × 0.25° latitude x longitude degrees) Earth's surface. Minimal AGDD10 recorded squares currently occupied by 714° Asia, 705° North America, 711° Russia. has never been localities with below 700°. If phenotypic plasticity would not allow this species overcome threshold, cold regions probably be invaded planipennis. Thus, Fraxinus excelsior could potentially escape from some Norway, Sweden, Finland, Ireland, Great Britain.

Language: Английский

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Invasive Populations of the Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Saint Petersburg, Russia: A Hitchhiker?

Insects, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 191 - 191

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle of East Asian origin that has killed millions trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America and Russia. In September 2020, EAB was detected Saint Petersburg, a notable event for the metropolitan city. aim present study to investigate occurrence ecology Petersburg. presence two distinct enclave populations revealed, each which has, most likely, been established through separate events “hitchhiking” via transport vehicles. Following invasion, further spread Petersburg slow locally restricted, likely due climatic factors. This by suggests possibility long-distance geographic Baltic Sea region (the EU) high, both ground (120–130 km distance from EU borders) ferries cars across Sea. certain cases, development on Fraxinus excelsior, based stem portion colonized, larval densities, number galleries, exit holes, viable larvae, emerged adult beetles, more successful than pennsylvanica trees. observed relatively high sensitivity F. excelsior EAB, therefore, casts doubt efficacy benefits currently ongoing selection breeding projects against dieback (ADB) disease, caused fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Inventory, mapping, monitoring surviving infested ADB are necessary acquire genetic resources work strategic long-term restoration tackling probable invasion EU.

Language: Английский

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Potential Westward Spread of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Eastern Ukraine

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 736 - 736

Published: April 3, 2023

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a phloem-boring beetle, native to East Asia that has become serious invasive pest of (Fraxinus spp.) trees in North America and European Russia since the early 2000s. In 2019, EAB was detected Ukraine. It had spread over 300 km from entry point two years killed hundreds Fraxinus excelsior F. pennsylvanica trees. poses threat forests neighboring countries, which have already been damaged by fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. The purpose this research (i) reveal traits climatic variables affect its survival; (ii) predict expansion range Ukraine westward; (iii) compare most significant bioclimatic native, ranges EAB, as well outside these ranges. results demonstrated following: all ranges, adapted seasonal temperature variations; MaxEnt model predicted potential distribution with high accuracy (AUC = 0.988); area invasion covered 87%, 48%, 32% Luhansk, Kharkiv, Donetsk regions, respectively; EAB-inhabited regions ecological plasticity pest. However, predictions could be improved considering forest structure, localization roads.

Language: Английский

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Forest site and stand structure affecting the distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Eastern Ukraine

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, an invasive phloem-boring beetle, was detected in the Luhansk Region of Ukraine 2019. In following years, it expanded to a large part Kharkiv region and parks Kyiv. Previous research proved that climate neighboring regions is favorable for EAB, lack host plant (Fraxinus sp.) cannot prevent pest expansion Ukraine. Considering necessity detect inhabited trees time, our current aimed identify most attractive EAB forest subcompartments considering site conditions stand structure. MaxEnt model predicted potential distribution with high accuracy (AUC = 0.842). The significant five variables provided 82.9% model, particularly «Age trees, years», «Area subcompartment, ha», «Mean height m», «The proportion Fraxinus excelsior composition, %», «Hygrotope index (humidity level), point». A very probability (>90 %) at 20 % area sp. composition. spread above 30% 75 such area. To improve forecasting accuracy, could be necessary consider data on road localization along which can passively, as well dominate wind speed.

Language: Английский

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