Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 82 - 82

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Innate immunity is critical for insects to adjust complicated environments. Studying the insect immune system can aid in identifying novel insecticide targets and provide insights developing pest control strategies. Insects recognize environmental pathogens through pattern recognition receptors, thus activating innate eliminate pathogens. The of primarily comprises cellular humoral immunity. Toll, deficiency, Janus kinase/signal transducers activators transcription are main signaling pathways regulating Nevertheless, increasing research has revealed that activated by microbes also performs non-immune roles while exerting roles, insulin a key role mediating connection between physiological activities. Therefore, this paper first briefly reviews insects, then summarizes relationship growth development, reproduction, pesticide resistance, chemical communication, cell turnover, lifespan, sleep, energy generation their possible underlying mechanisms. Future directions methodologies proposed, aiming into further study on mechanism linking hosts.

Language: Английский

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Visualizing Oral Infection Dynamics of Beauveria bassiana in the Gut of Tribolium castaneum

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 101 - 101

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

The ability of entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana, to infect insects by penetrating their cuticle is well documented. However, some have evolved mechanisms combat fungal infections. red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), a major pest causing significant economic losses in stored product environments globally, embeds antifungal compounds within its protective barrier. Previous reports addressed the contributions non-cuticular infection routes, noting an increase mortality beetles fed with conidia. In this study, we further explore progression and dynamics oral exposure gut T. castaneum after feeding encapsulated B. bassiana conidia formulation. First, characterized formulation surface using atomic force microscopy, observing no topological differences between capsules containing not Confocal microscopy confirmed uniform distribution hydrogel matrix. Then, larvae adult conidia-encapsulated exhibited distributed throughout alimentary canal, higher presence before pyloric chamber. More were found larval midgut hindgut compared adults, but germinated observed epithelium. These results suggest that obstructs gut, impairing insect's ingest, process, absorb nutrients. This disruption may weaken host, increasing susceptibility infections and, ultimately, leading death. By providing first direct observation canal castaneum, study highlights novel aspect fungal-host interaction opens new avenues for advancing fungal-based control strategies exploiting stage-specific vulnerabilities.

Language: Английский

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A methodology to generate aposymbiotic and gnotobiotic Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Journal of Stored Products Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 102496 - 102496

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Changes in the bacterial communities of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in response to long-term cold storage and progressive loss of egg viability in cold-stored beetles

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 12, 2024

Bacteria have a profound influence on life history and reproduction of numerous insects, while the associations between hosts bacteria are substantially influenced by environmental pressures. Cold storage is crucial for extending shelf insects used as tools biological control, but mostly causes detrimental effects. In this study, we observed great decrease in egg hatch rate cold-stored Harmonia axyridis during later oviposition periods. Furthermore, most eggs produced their F1 offspring exhibited complete loss hatchability. We hypothesized that long-term exposure to cold may greatly alter bacterial community within reproductive tracts H. , which be an important factor contributing viability. Through sequencing 16S rRNA gene, discovered considerable changes structure female beetles (LCS_F) compared non-stored (Control_F), with notable increase unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae LCS_F. accordance change hatchability, slight variation microbial early (Egg_E) (Egg_L) periods well (Egg_F1). Functional predictions communities revealed significant relative abundance substance dependence pathway Moreover, relatively lower levels both Egg_L Egg_F1 Egg_E. These findings validate can modify composition thereby expanding our understanding intricate bacteria-insect host interactions.

Language: Английский

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Phosphine resistance: Development, monitoring, strategies and alternatives for management in stored grain pests

International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(7S), P. 753 - 760

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The resistance of stored-product pests in general and coleopterans particular to phosphine fumigation is becoming a global concern which has put the viability sustainability jeopardy. problem been aggravated over past two decades mostly due lack suitable alternatives matching major attributes phosphine, including its low price, ease application, proven effectiveness against broad pest spectrum, compatibility with most storage conditions, international acceptance as residue- free treatment. In this review, we compile overview special emphasis on genetic basis development, countering key management strategies alternative fumigants that need be addressed.

Language: Английский

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