MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with length about 18–22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cells and play vital role in the development diseases can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, they carriers miRNA. Existing studies have found that most functions miRNA mainly realized through intercellular transmission EVs, which protect sort miRNAs. Meanwhile, detection sensitivity specificity EV-derived higher than those conventional serum biomarkers. In recent years, EVs been expected to become new marker biopsy. This review summarizes progress several aspects including sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, technology isolation addition, study reviews challenges future research avenues field providing basis application miRNAs disease clinical diagnosis even point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Accelerated Atherosclerosis, New Biomarkers, and the Effects of Biological Therapy

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 319 - 319

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases (CIADs), is recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Traditional factors such smoking, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity are frequently found in RA. Given increased mortality morbidity associated with disease (CVD) RA patients, screening for important. Moreover, there a need to identify potential predictors subclinical atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that markers serum homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, or carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) correlated risk. Although presents comparable diabetes, it not managed well terms acute events. The introduction biological therapy has opened new perspectives understanding this pathology, confirming involvement importance markers, cytokines, immune system. In addition effects inducing remission slowing progression, biologics demonstrated efficacy reducing major Some also been conducted patients without RA, similar results. However, early detection atherosclerosis use targeted therapies cornerstone patients.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers for Predicting of Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 755 - 755

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is usually detected by physicians in patients, coincidentally, during an ultrasound examination of the neck. Therefore, measurable biomarkers blood are needed to define presence and severity atherosclerotic plaque patients identify manage it. We hypothesized that indicate pathways related pathogenesis atherosclerosis could be used plaque. For this purpose, levels participants’ inflammatory oxidative stress were determined. Kynurenine/tryptophan neopterin measured as relatively new inflammation study. Methods: Our study included 57 diagnosed with asymptomatic 28 healthy volunteers. Blood kynurenine tryptophan LCMS/MS. catalase, total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde, using ELISA assay method. Result: The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio reflecting IDO activity was higher than Decreased increased observed who underwent endarterectomy. In t-SOD, malondialdehyde higher, while GPx lower. These differences found more significant Conclusions: Increased associated status patients. Oxidative can considered effective diagnostic indicators for stenosis.

Language: Английский

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Predictive Classifier for Cardiovascular Disease Based on Stacking Model Fusion

Processes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 749 - 749

Published: April 13, 2022

The etiology of cardiovascular disease is still an unsolved world problem, and high morbidity, disability, mortality are the main characteristics diseases. There is, therefore, a need for effective rapid early prediction likely outcomes in patients with using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Internet Things (IoT) becoming catalyst enhancing capabilities AI applications. Data collected through IoT sensors analyzed predicted machine learning (ML). Existing traditional ML models do not handle data inequities well have relatively low model accuracy. To address this considering observation mechanism training methods different algorithms, paper proposes ensemble framework based on stacking fusion, from Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Extra Tree (ET), Gradient Boosting Decision (GBDT), XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) (10 classifiers to select optimal base learners). In order avoid overfitting phenomenon generated by learners, we use (LR) simple linear classifier as meta learner. We validated proposed algorithm fused Heart Dataset several UCI repositories another publicly available Attack Dataset, compared it 10 single models. experimental results show that outperforms other terms accuracy applicability.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Application of Serum microRNAs in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(22), P. 6849 - 6849

Published: Nov. 20, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRs) are promising diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomolecules for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease concerns a large population of patients, carrying the highest incidence fatal non-fatal adverse events, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, limb ischemia, worldwide. Consistently, miRs involved in regulation pathogenesis coronary artery (CAD), acute syndromes (ACS), both with ST-segment (STEMI) non-ST segment elevation infarctions (NSTEMI), well cardiac remodeling fibrosis following ACS. However, genetic molecular mechanisms underlying outcomes CAD multifactorial, sometimes difficult to interpret clinicians. Therefore, present review paper we have focused on clinical meaning interpretation various findings, their potential application routine practice.

Language: Английский

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Tipifarnib Reduces Extracellular Vesicles and Protects From Heart Failure

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 135(2), P. 280 - 297

Published: June 7, 2024

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes mortality worldwide. Extracellular vesicles, including small extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and their molecular cargo are known to modulate cell-to-cell communication during multiple cardiac diseases. However, role systemic vesicle biogenesis inhibition in HF models not well documented remains unclear.

Language: Английский

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Importance of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of myocardial infarction

IJC Heart & Vasculature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 101529 - 101529

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Potential impact of GCK, MIR-196A-2 and MIR-423 gene abnormalities on the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asir and Tabuk regions of Saudi Arabia

Molecular Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(5)

Published: March 14, 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and associated with serious complications. The risk factors for T2DM include both genetic lifestyle factors. Genome‑wide association studies have indicated the of variations many diseases, including T2DM. Glucokinase (GCK) plays key role in regulation insulin release pancreas catalyzes first step glycolysis liver. Genetic alterations GCK gene been implicated hypoglycemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small non‑coding RNA molecules that involved important physiological processes glucose metabolism. In present study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) GCK, MIR‑196A‑2 MIR‑423 genes susceptibility to patients from two regions Saudi Arabia were examined, using tetra‑primer amplification refractory mutation system. results showed AA genotype A allele rs1799884 [odds ratio (OR)=2.25, P=0.032 OR=1.55, P=0.021, respectively]. Likewise, CT T rs11614913 an increased (OR=2.36, P=0.0059 OR=1.74, P=0.023, respectively). addition, CA rs6505162 C>A was found be linked (OR=2.12 P=0.021). It concluded research study potentially These results, future, may help identification stratification individuals susceptible Future longitudinal larger sample sizes different ethnic populations recommended validate these findings.

Language: Английский

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Key regulatory miRNAs in lipid homeostasis: Implications for cardiometabolic diseases and development of novel therapeutics

Drug Discovery Today, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 2170 - 2180

Published: May 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Heart Failure after Cardiac Surgery: The Role of Halogenated Agents, Myocardial Conditioning and Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1360 - 1360

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Heart disease requires a surgical approach sometimes. Cardiac-surgery patients develop heart failure associated with ischemia induced during extracorporeal circulation. This complication could be decreased anesthetic drugs. The cardioprotective effects of halogenated agents are based on pre- and postconditioning (sevoflurane, desflurane, or isoflurane) compared to intravenous hypnotics (propofol). We tried put light the shadows walking through line drugs’ in several enzymatic routes oxidative stress, waiting for final results ACDHUVV-16 clinical trial regarding genetic modulation this kind

Language: Английский

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