Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 454 - 454
Published: Feb. 4, 2023
Psychosis
and
substance
use
disorders
are
two
diagnostic
categories
whose
association
has
been
studied
for
decades.
In
addition,
both
psychosis
spectrum
drug
abuse
have
recently
linked
to
multiple
pro-inflammatory
changes
in
the
central
nervous
system.
We
carried
out
a
narrative
review
of
literature
through
holistic
approach.
used
PubMed
as
our
search
engine.
included
all
relevant
studies
looking
at
psychotic
disorders.
found
that
there
relate
various
lipids
proteins
with
disorders,
an
overlap
between
two.
The
main
findings
involve
inflammatory
mediators
such
cytokines,
chemokines,
endocannabinoids,
eicosanoids,
lysophospholipds
and/or
bacterial
products.
Many
these
present
different
phases
cannabis,
cocaine,
methamphetamines,
alcohol
nicotine.
may
common
origin
abnormal
neurodevelopment
caused,
among
other
factors,
by
neuroinflammatory
process.
A
possible
convergent
pathway
is
which
interrelates
transcriptional
factors
NFκB
PPARγ.
This
future
clinical
implications.
Schizophrenia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Feb. 3, 2024
Abstract
Innate
immunity
has
been
shown
to
be
associated
with
schizophrenia
(Sch).
This
study
explored
the
relationship
between
symptoms
and
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte
ratio
(NLR)
(a
marker
of
innate
immunity)
in
patients
Sch.
Ninety-seven
first-episode
medication-naïve
(FEMN)
Sch
65
healthy
controls
were
recruited
this
study.
We
measured
complete
blood
count
assessed
clinical
using
PANSS
scales.
found
higher
NEU
counts
NLR
compared
control
subjects.
Male
showed
a
than
female
patients.
In
addition,
FEMN
values
PANSS-p,
PANSS-g,
PANSS-total
scores
(all
p
<
0.05).
Regression
analysis
revealed
that
was
predictor
for
total
Higher
value
observed
significant
associations
psychotic
indicate
an
imbalance
inflammation
immune
system
may
involved
pathophysiology
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: June 7, 2024
Introduction
The
potential
role
of
pathogens,
particularly
vector-transmitted
infectious
agents,
as
a
cause
psychosis
has
not
been
intensively
investigated.
We
have
reported
link
between
Bartonella
spp.
bacteremia
and
neuropsychiatric
symptoms,
including
pediatric
acute
onset
syndrome
schizophrenia.
purpose
this
study
was
to
further
assess
whether
exposure
or
infection
are
associated
with
psychosis.
Methods
In
blinded
manner,
we
assessed
the
presence
anti-
antibodies
by
indirect
immunofluorescence
assays
(IFA),
amplification
bacterial
DNA
from
blood
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction
(qPCR),
digital
PCR
(dPCR),
droplet
(ddPCR)
in
116
participants.
Participants
were
categorized
into
one
five
groups:
1)
controls
unaffected
(
n
=
29);
2)
prodromal
participants
16);
3)
children
adolescents
7);
4)
adults
44);
5)
relatives
participant
20).
Results
There
no
significant
difference
IFA
seroreactivity
adult
higher
proportion
who
had
bloodstream
(43.2%)
compared
(14.3%,
p
0.021).
species
determined
for
18
31
bacteremic
participants,
co-infection
henselae
(11/18),
vinsonii
subsp.
b
erkhoffii
(6/18),
quintana
(2/18),
alsatica
(1/18),
rochalimae
(1/18).
Discussion
conjunction
other
recent
research,
results
provide
justification
large
national
international
multi-center
determine
if
is
more
prevalent
Expanding
investigation
include
range
vector-borne
microbial
infections
CNS
effects
would
enhance
knowledge
on
relationship
infection.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 104 - 104
Published: Jan. 15, 2025
Cytokine-mediated
inflammation
is
increasingly
recognized
for
playing
a
vital
role
in
the
pathophysiology
of
wide
range
brain
disorders,
including
neurodegenerative,
psychiatric,
and
neurodevelopmental
problems.
Pro-inflammatory
cytokines
such
as
interleukin-1
(IL-1),
tumor
necrosis
factor-alpha
(TNF-α),
interleukin-6
(IL-6)
cause
neuroinflammation,
alter
function,
accelerate
disease
development.
Despite
progress
understanding
these
pathways,
effective
medicines
targeting
are
still
limited.
Traditional
anti-inflammatory
immunomodulatory
drugs
peripheral
inflammatory
illnesses.
Still,
they
face
substantial
hurdles
when
applied
to
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
unwanted
systemic
effects.
This
review
highlights
developing
treatment
techniques
modifying
cytokine-driven
focusing
on
advances
that
selectively
target
critical
involved
pathology.
Novel
approaches,
cytokine-specific
inhibitors,
antibody-based
therapeutics,
gene-
RNA-based
interventions,
sophisticated
drug
delivery
systems
like
nanoparticles,
show
promise
with
respect
lowering
neuroinflammation
greater
specificity
safety.
Furthermore,
developments
biomarker
discoveries
neuroimaging
improving
our
ability
monitor
responses,
allowing
more
accurate
personalized
regimens.
Preclinical
clinical
trial
data
demonstrate
therapeutic
potential
tailored
techniques.
However,
significant
challenges
remain,
across
BBB
reducing
off-target
As
research
advances,
creation
personalized,
cytokine-centered
therapeutics
has
therapy
landscape
illnesses,
giving
patients
hope
better
results
higher
quality
life.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 1119 - 1119
Published: Feb. 9, 2025
The
impact
of
weather
on
mental
illness
is
widely
debated,
but
the
mechanism
this
relationship
remains
unclear.
immunoseasonal
theory
suggests
that
in
winter,
a
T-helper
1
(Th1)
response
predominates,
impairing
Prefrontal
Cortex
(PFC)
control,
which
exacerbates
symptoms
depression,
while
after
it,
summer,
Th2
predominates
immunologically
prone
individuals,
activating
cortical
and
mesolimbic
centers,
can
exacerbate
psychosis.
In
paper,
we
aim
to
describe
validity
through
narrative
review
data
related
immunology
psychiatry.
This
extends
existing
literature
by
integrating
immunological
findings
with
psychiatric
seasonality
research,
offering
mechanistic
perspective
links
Th1/Th2
shifts
specific
symptom
exacerbations.
Winter
Th1
severity
may
worsen
depression
anxiety,
summer
dominance
appears
be
associated
exacerbations
schizophrenia,
mania,
impulsivity,
suicide
risk.
It
possible
potentiation
deterioration
PFC
function
common
most
entities
nonspecific.
seasonal
immune
dysregulation
play
broader
role
disorders
than
previously
recognized,
challenging
idea
impacts
only
selected
conditions.
Characteristic
dysfunctions
within
an
individual
determine
further
differences
clinical
manifestations.
not
limited
mania
psychosis
also
increased
impulsivity
If
confirmed,
markers
could
used
diagnosis
predicting
fluctuations
tailoring
treatment
strategies.
enable
more
personalized
interventions,
such
as
seasonally
adjusted
medication
dosing
or
targeted
anti-inflammatory
therapies.
While
seems
plausible,
especially
analyzing
inflammatory
responses,
needed
better
understand
confirm
it.
Vestnik nevrologii psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2, P. 245 - 258
Published: Feb. 15, 2025
Background.
With
the
growing
number
of
publications
on
search
for
biological
markers
mental
disorders,
it
is
important
to
analyze
studies
role
extracellular
DNA,
cortisol,
cytokines,
and
BDNF
as
severity
endogenous
depending
disease
stage
antipsychotic
treatment.
Purpose:
available
data
relationship
between
biomarkers
disorders
(cortisol,
BDNF)
stage,
well
therapy.
Materials
method.
Publications
accessible
authors
were
selected
from
MEDLINE/PubMed,
Scopus,
Crossref,
eLibrary,
RSCI
databases
using
key
words
“biomarkers
disorders”,
“stress
cortisol”,
“cytokines
“BDNF”,
“extracellular
DNA”.
A
total
428
sources
identified,
71
selected,
primarily
2020
2024,
focusing
impact
marker
levels
progression
their
changes
under
Priority
was
given
meta-analyses
systematic
reviews,
which
reflect
recent
discoveries
can
significantly
influence
future
research
directions.
Conclusion.
The
review
analyzes
in
patients
with
associations
stress,
autoimmune
disturbances,
(first
episode,
long-term
course,
relapse,
or
remission),
therapy,
biomarker
clinical
manifestations
illness.
Correlations
identified
specific
cognitive
impairments,
positive
symptoms,
negative
symptoms.
Research
aims
enable
early
diagnosis,
develop
new
therapeutic
targets,
stratify
optimal
protocols,
providing
opportunities
address
clinical,
diagnostic,
therapeutic,
rehabilitative
challenges.
Brain and Behavior,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(4)
Published: March 30, 2025
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Patients
with
schizophrenia
spectrum
disorders
(SSD),
particularly
patients
schizophrenia,
have
social
cognitive
impairments
characterized
by
difficulties
in
emotion
recognition,
the
ability
to
attribute
mental
states,
explaining
causes
of
events,
and
identifying
utilizing
cues.
These
appear
from
early
life
are
associated
poor
functional
prognosis.
The
origin
these
is
not
fully
understood.
inflammatory
hypothesis
one
pathophysiological
hypotheses
schizophrenia.
Inflammatory
marker
abnormalities
also
present
stages
neuronal
degeneration.
Following
our
main
hypothesis,
aim
this
work
was
conduct
a
review
explore
relationship
between
cognition
markers
SSD.
Methods
included
original
studies
reporting
measures
plasma
levels
SSD
using
Pubmed,
PsycINFO,
Embase
databases.
PRISMA
methodology
followed.
Results
Eleven
were
selected
analyzed.
They
showed
significant
correlations
cytokine
theory
mind
facial
recognition
abilities.
Conclusion
do
seem
be
specific
impairments,
but
results
support
link
pro‐
anti‐inflammatory
In
future,
other
should
conducted
clarify
diagnostic
therapeutic
perspective:
identification
trait
factors
patient
subgroups
personalized
therapies.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(2), P. 846 - 846
Published: Jan. 13, 2022
The
study
aimed
to
examine
the
impact
of
oropharyngeal
microbiome
in
pathophysiology
schizophrenia
and
clarify
whether
there
might
be
a
bidirectional
link
between
oral
microbiota
brain
context
dysbiosis-related
neuroinflammation.
We
selected
nine
articles
including
three
systemic
reviews
with
several
from
same
research
team.
Different
themes
emerged,
which
we
grouped
into
5
distinct
parts
concerning
phageome,
microbiome,
salivary
periodontal
disease
potentially
associated
schizophrenia,
drugs
on
schizophrenia.
pointed
out
presence
phageoma
patients
suffering
that
reinforces
role
inflammation
Moreover,
saliva
could
an
interesting
substrate
characterize
different
stages
However,
few
studies
have
subject
are
limited
scope,
some
them
work
single
At
this
stage
knowledge,
it
is
difficult
conclude
existence
microbiome.
Future
will
these
questions
for
moment
remain
unresolved.
