The Role of Cytokines and Molecular Pathways in Lung Fibrosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Physiopathologic (Re)view

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 639 - 639

Published: March 13, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infection is a significant health concern that needs to be addressed not only during the initial phase of but also after hospitalization. This consequence various pathologies associated with long COVID-19, which are still being studied and researched. Lung fibrosis an important complication found in up 71% patients discharge. Our research based on scientific articles indexed PubMed; selection process, we used following keywords: “lung fibrosis”, “fibrosis mediators”, predictors”, “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2 infection”, “long COVID-19”. In this narrative review, aimed discuss current understanding mechanisms initiation progression post-COVID-19 lung (PC-19-LF) risk factors for its occurrence. The pathogenesis pulmonary involves mediators such as TGF-β, legumain, osteopontin, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, Gal-1, Gal-3, PDGF, FGFR-1. key cellular effectors involved COVID-19 macrophages, epithelial alveolar cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts. main pathways include hypoxemia-induced fibrosis, macrophage-induced viral-fibroblast interaction-induced fibrosis.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Thrombosis: A Narrative Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 929 - 929

Published: March 16, 2023

COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is frequently associated with pulmonary thrombotic events, especially in hospitalized patients. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection characterized a proinflammatory state and an disbalance hemostasis. Immune pathology analysis supports inflammatory nature of arterial thrombi composed white blood cells, neutrophils, CD3+ CD20+ lymphocytes, fibrin, red platelets. cytokines, chemokines, complement system are key drivers immunothrombosis, as they induce damage endothelial cells initiate procoagulant positive feedback loops. Neutrophil extracellular traps induced COVID-19-associated “cytokine storm”, platelets, coagulation pathways close inflammation–endotheliopathy–thrombosis axis, contributing to SARS-CoV-2-associated events. The hypothesis immunothrombosis also supported minor role venous thromboembolism chest CT imaging data showing peripheral clots lesions high incidence events despite routine thromboprophylaxis. Understanding complex mechanisms behind COVID-19-induced thrombosis will lead future combination therapies for patients that would target crossroads pathways.

Language: Английский

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2, antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of dietary flavonol quercetin: Focus on molecular targets and clinical efficacy

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 100125 - 100125

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the infection of SARS-CoV-2, seems to be a tough global challenge because its highly contagious nature and rapid evolution virus strain. As no effective clinical drugs are available for treatment this in early phase till date, scientists hunting from natural sources treatment. Quercetin, dietary polyphenolic flavonoid found fruits vegetables, has been reported exhibit various health-benefit pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral anticancer properties. In silico vitro studies demonstrated that quercetin potently inhibits infections SARS-CoV-2 other coronaviruses interfering with viral entry replication via inhibiting activity host ACE2 receptor, S-, 3CL-, PL-, RdRp- Nsp13 - proteases. Moreover, is able suppress oxidative stress, cytokine storm, thrombosis, sepsis lung fibrosis, thereby very likely mitigate COVID-19 infection. review article, we elaborately discussed antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant against diseases, as well on nanoformulations enhancement oral bioavailability efficacy development drug COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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The prognostic value of the combined neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR) in sepsis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 2, 2024

Abstract Sepsis is a severe disease characterized by high mortality rates. Our aim was to develop an early prognostic indicator of adverse outcomes in sepsis, utilizing easily accessible routine blood tests. A retrospective analysis sepsis patients from the MIMIC-IV database conducted. We performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses identify independent risk factors associated with in-hospital within 28 days. Logistic utilized combine neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) neutrophil-to-platelet (NPR) into composite score, denoted as NLR_NPR. used ROC curves compare performance models Kaplan–Meier survival assess day rate. Subgroup evaluate applicability NLR_NPR different subpopulations based on specific characteristics. This study included total 1263 patients, whom 179 died days hospitalization, while 1084 survived beyond Multivariate identified age, respiratory rate, (NLR), (NPR), hypertension, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score for septic (P < 0.05). Additionally, prediction model cell-related parameters, combined exhibited highest predictive value (AUC = 0.6666), followed NLR 0.6456) NPR 0.6284). Importantly, superior that commonly SOFA 0.5613). showed remained factor subgroups SOFA, although not hypertension subgroup. The use tests represents readily available reliable marker patients. These results imply clinicians should prioritize higher scores closer monitoring reduce

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 associated coagulopathy

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 353 - 367

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neutrophils: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis and Unlocking New Treatment Horizons

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1965 - 1965

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Neutrophils play a key role in inflammatory responses and thrombosis, but their complex interactions disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. This review examines the multifaceted roles of neutrophils, focusing on activation, cytokine release, formation neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which contribute to host defense thrombosis. We discuss interaction between inflammation coagulation, direct effect neutrophils thrombus stability, involvement pathological thrombotic diseases. The therapeutic potential drug loading treatment as well clinical implications future research directions, highlighted. aim this is gain insight into critical neutrophil-inflammation-thrombus axis its target for diseases suggest possible directions neutrophil-loaded therapy

Language: Английский

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The association between mortality due to COVID-19 and coagulative parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluated the association between mortality due to COVID-19 coagulative factors. A search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science from beginning pandemic until October 2024 identify relevant studies patients their laboratory findings related coagulation markers outcome. Eligibility criteria were defined based PICO framework, data extraction performed by two authors independently using a standardized sheet. Statistical analysis accomplished random effects model, heterogeneity among assessed I2 test. R RStudio used for statistical visualization. Our literature yielded 6969 studies, with 48 meeting inclusion our meta-analysis. The mean platelet count significantly lower in deceased compared survivors (20.58), while activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) fibrinogen levels did not show significant differences. pooled difference D-Dimer, International Normalized Ratio (INR), prothrombin (PT) survived (-2.45, -0.10, -0.84, respectively). These suggest that count, INR, PT may serve as potential indicators patients. results revealed reduction individuals when survivors. However, no distinctions observed aPTT survivor groups. On other hand, there noticeable variations estimated PT, D-Dimer levels, higher values group those who survived.

Language: Английский

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Thrombocytopenia and hyperinflammation are induced by extracellular histones circulating in blood

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(12), P. e239 - e243

Published: June 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Perfusion deficits may underlie lung and kidney injury in severe COVID-19 disease: insights from a multicenter international cohort study

Journal of Anesthesia Analgesia and Critical Care, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: July 6, 2024

Abstract Background Lung perfusion defects, mainly due to endothelial and coagulation activation, are a key contributor COVID-19 respiratory failure. patients may also develop acute kidney injury (AKI) because of renal deficit. We aimed explore AKI-associated factors the independent prediction standardized minute ventilation (MV)—a proxy alveolar dead space—on AKI onset persistence in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods This is multicenter observational cohort study. enrolled 157 requiring mechanical intensive care unit (ICU) admission. collected clinical information, ventilation, laboratory data. was defined by 2012 KDIGO guidelines classified as transient or persistent according serum creatinine criteria within 48 h. Ordered univariate multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed identify variables associated with persistence. Results Among on 47% developed AKI: 10% had AKI, 37% AKI. The degree hypoxia not differences severity. Across increasing severity groups, despite similar levels paCO 2 , we observed an increased MV MV, robust space. After adjusting for other covariates, remained predictor development d -dimer higher Conclusions In critically ill failure, wasted independently greater risk These hypothesis-generating findings suggest that derangements link pathophysiology both our population.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of COVID‐19 Infection on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The COVID-19 virus not only has significant pathogenicity but also influences the progression of many diseases, altering patient prognosis. Cardiovascular particularly aortic aneurysms, are among most life-threatening conditions.

Language: Английский

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