Seasonality of respiratory, enteric, and urinary viruses revealed by wastewater genomic surveillance

mSphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(5)

Published: May 7, 2024

ABSTRACT Wastewater surveillance can reveal population-level infectious disease burden and emergent public health threats be reliably assessed through wastewater surveillance. While molecular methods for monitoring of microorganisms have traditionally relied on PCR-based approaches, next-generation sequencing (NGS) provide deeper insights via genomic analyses multiple diverse pathogens. We conducted a year-long 1,408 composite samples collected from 12 neighborhood-level access points in the greater Tempe area, Arizona, USA, show that variation viruses is driven by seasonal time location. The temporal dynamics were influenced cyclically, with most dissimilarity between 23 weeks apart (i.e., winter vs summer, spring fall). identified urinary enteric including polyomaviruses, astroviruses, noroviruses, showed their genotypes/subtypes shifted across seasons. while data certain respiratory like severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strongly correlate clinical case rates, laboratory-reported incidences discordant surges high viral load other human 229E. These results demonstrate utility informing decision-making health. IMPORTANCE into spread pathogens communities. Advances methodologies allow more precise detection wastewater. Long-term an important tool preparedness. This system act as observatory gives real-time early warning outbreaks improved response times.

Language: Английский

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A Critical Analysis of All-Cause Deaths during COVID-19 Vaccination in an Italian Province

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1343 - 1343

Published: June 30, 2024

Immortal time bias (ITB) is common in cohort studies and distorts the association estimates between treated untreated. We used data from an Italian study on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, with a large cohort, long follow-up, adjustment for confounding factors, affected by ITB, aim to verify real impact of vaccination campaign comparing risk all-cause death vaccinated population unvaccinated population. aligned all subjects single index date considered “all-cause deaths” outcome compare survival distributions group versus various statuses. The all-cause-death hazard ratios univariate analysis people 1, 2, 3/4 doses were 0.88, 1.23, 1.21, respectively. multivariate values 2.40, 1.98, 0.99. Possible explanations this trend as vaccinations increase could be harvesting effect; calendar-time bias, accounting seasonality pandemic waves; case-counting window bias; healthy-vaccinee or some combination these factors. With 2 even doses, calculated Restricted Mean Survival Time Lost have shown small but significant downside populations.

Language: Английский

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Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 466 - 466

Published: April 27, 2024

In the current COVID-19 landscape dominated by Omicron subvariants, understanding timing and efficacy of vaccination against emergent lineages is crucial for planning future campaigns, yet detailed studies stratified subvariant, timing, age groups are scarce. This retrospective study analyzed cases from December 2021 to January 2023 in Catalonia, Spain, focusing on vulnerable populations affected variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1 including two national booster campaigns. Our database includes information such as dates diagnosis, hospitalization death, last vaccination, cause among others. We evaluated impact disease severity age, variant, status, finding that recent significantly mitigated across all although waned six months post-vaccination, except BQ.1, which showed more stable levels. Unvaccinated individuals had higher mortality rates. results highlight importance periodic reduce severe outcomes, influenced variant timing. Although seasonality uncertain, our analysis suggests potential benefit annual >60 years old, probably early fall, if eventually exhibits a major peak similar other respiratory viruses.

Language: Английский

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Seasonality of Respiratory, Enteric and Urinary Viruses Revealed by Wastewater Genomic Surveillance

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

ABSTRACT Wastewater surveillance can reveal population-level infectious disease burden and emergent public health threats be reliably assessed through wastewater surveillance. While molecular methods for monitoring of microorganisms have traditionally relied on PCR-based approaches, next-generation sequencing provide deeper insights via genomic analyses multiple diverse pathogens. We conducted a year-long 1,408 composite samples collected from 12 neighborhood-level access points in the Greater Tempe area, Arizona, USA, show that variation viromes is driven by seasonal time location. virome temporal dynamics were influenced cyclical manner, with most dissimilarity between 23 weeks apart (i.e., winter vs summer, spring fall). identified urinary enteric viruses including polyomaviruses, astroviruses noroviruses, showed their genotypes/subtypes shifted across season. while data certain respiratory like SARS-CoV-2 strongly correlate clinical case rates, laboratory-reported incidences discordant surges high viral load other human coronavirus 229E. These results demonstrate utility informing decision making health. IMPORTANCE into spread pathogens communities. Advances methodologies allow more precise detection wastewater. Long-term an important tool preparedness. This system act as observatory gives real-time early warning outbreaks improved response times.

Language: Английский

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Putting Meta-Analysis Findings in Proper Perspective: Comment on “The Effects of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Mortality: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis”

AJPM Focus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 100223 - 100223

Published: March 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Reanalysis of an Italian Study on the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Suggests That It Might Have Unintended Effects on Total Mortality

Published: June 6, 2024

Immortal-time bias (ITB) is known to be common in cohort studies and distorts the association estimates between treated untreated groups. We used data from last of two large an Italian province on COVID-19 vaccines safety effectiveness incurred this bias, aligned entire population a single index date, correct ITB. considered "all-cause deaths" outcome compare survival curves unvaccinated group various vaccination statuses. The all-cause deaths Hazard Ratios univariate analysis for (reference) versus vaccinated with 1, 2, 3/4 doses were 0.88 (CI95: 0.78 –1.00; p-value 0.044), 1.23 (1.16–1.32; ≤0.001) 1.21 (1.14–1.29; ≤0.001), respectively. multivariate values 2.40 (2.00–2.88; <0.0001), 1.98 (1.75–2.24; 0.99 (0.90–1.09; ns). possible explanations trend as vaccinations increase could harvesting effect; calendar-time accounting seasonality pandemic waves; case-counting windows bias; healthy-vaccinee or some their combination. With even calculated Restricted Mean Survival Time Lost have shown small but significant downside populations.

Language: Английский

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Development of pyrimidone derivatives as nonpeptidic and noncovalent 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors with anti-coronavirus activities

Bioorganic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 107988 - 107988

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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