Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise–Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 466 - 466

Published: Nov. 22, 2018

For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain optimally supplied with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting cerebral oxygenation hemodynamics can be modified physical activity. To better understand relationship between oxygenation/hemodynamics, activity, cognition, application of state-of-the art neuroimaging tools essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) such a tool especially suitable investigate effects activity/exercises on due its capability quantify changes in concentration oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) deoxygenated (deoxyHb) non-invasively human brain. However, currently there no clear standardized procedure regarding application, data processing, analysis fNIRS, large heterogeneity how fNIRS applied field exercise–cognition science. Therefore, this review aims summarize current methodological knowledge about studies measuring cortical hemodynamic responses during testing (i) prior after different activities interventions, (ii) cross-sectional accounting for fitness level their participants. Based methodology 35 as relevant considered publications, we outline recommendations future

Language: Английский

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Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 10, 2019

During the aging process, physical capabilities (e.g., muscular strength) and cognitive functions memory) gradually decrease. Regarding functions, substantial functional compensatory brain activity) structural changes shrinking of hippocampus) in cause this decline. Notably, growing evidence points towards a relationship between cognition measures strength muscle mass. Based on emerging evidence, resistance exercises and/or training, which contributes to preservation augmentation mass, may trigger beneficial neurobiological processes could be crucial for healthy that includes cognition. Compared with multitude studies have investigated influence endurance training performance structure, considerably less work has focused effects training. While available regarding exercise-induced is pooled, underlying processes, such as changes, yet summarized. Hence, purpose systematic review provide an overview are related functions.

Language: Английский

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Dose–Response Matters! – A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise–Cognition Research

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

In general, it is well-recognized that both acute physical exercises and regular training influence brain plasticity cognitive functions positively. However, growing evidence shows the same induce very heterogeneous outcomes across individuals. an attempt to better understand this interindividual heterogeneity in response exercising, most research, so far, has focused on non-modifiable factors such as sex different genotypes, while relatively little attention been paid exercise prescription a modifiable factor. With adapted dosage can be made comparable individuals, procedure which necessary dose-response relationship exercise-cognition research. This improved understanding of relationships could help design more efficient approaches against, for instance, decline.

Language: Английский

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The Temporal Effects of Acute Exercise on Episodic Memory Function: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 87 - 87

Published: April 18, 2019

Background: Accumulating research demonstrates that the timing of exercise plays an important role in influencing episodic memory. However, we have a limited understanding as to factors moderate this temporal effect. Thus, purpose systematic review with meta-analysis was evaluate effects study characteristics (e.g., modality, intensity and duration acute exercise) participant attributes age, sex) across each periods on memory (i.e., occurring before encoding, during early consolidation, late consolidation). Methods: The following databases were used for our computerized searches: Embase/PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar, Sports Discus PsychInfo. Studies included if they: (1) Employed experimental design comparison control group/visit, (2) human participants, (3) evaluated independent variable, (4) employed bout (defined single exercise), (5) outcome variable retrospective recall information either spatial or manner), (6) provided sufficient data mean, SD, sample size) pooled effect size estimate. Results: In total, 25 articles met inclusionary criteria meta-analyzed. Acute encoding (d = 0.11, 95% CI: −0.01, 0.23, p 0.08), consolidation 0.47, 0.28, 0.67; < 0.001) 1.05, 0.32, 1.78; 0.005) enhanced function. Conversely, had negative −0.12, −0.22, −0.02; 0.02). Various designs moderated For example, vigorous-intensity exercise, among young adults, greater when occurred period. Conclusions: exercise-memory interaction. exercise- participant-related relationship.

Language: Английский

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Aerobic exercise improves episodic memory in late adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

Abstract Background Aerobic exercise remains one of the most promising approaches for enhancing cognitive function in late adulthood, yet its potential positive effects on episodic memory remain poorly understood and a matter intense debate. Prior meta-analyses have reported minimal improvements following aerobic but been limited by restrictive inclusion criteria infrequent examination parameters. Methods We conducted meta-analysis randomized controlled trials to determine if influences adulthood ( M = 70.82 years) examine possible moderators. Thirty-six studies met criteria, representing data from 2750 participants. Results Here we show that interventions are effective at improving (Hedges’ g 0.28; p 0.002). Subgroup analyses revealed moderating effect age 0.027), with significant mean between 55–68 not 69–85. Mixed-effects demonstrated among high percentage females (65–100%), participants normal cognition, reporting intensity, no-contact or nonaerobic physical activity control group, prescribing >3900 total minutes (range 540–8190 min). Conclusions positively adults ≥55 years without dementia, larger observed various sample intervention characteristics—the clearest moderator being age. These results could far-reaching clinical public health relevance, highlighting as an accessible, non-pharmaceutical improve adulthood.

Language: Английский

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Davunetide sex-dependently boosts memory in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Biological Sex: A Potential Moderator of Physical Activity Efficacy on Brain Health

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 6, 2019

The number of older persons worldwide living with cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases is growing at an unprecedented rate. Despite accumulating evidence that engaging in physical activity a promising primary behavioural strategy to delay or avert the deleterious effects aging on brain health, large degree variation exists study findings. Thus before exercise can be prescribed as "medicine" for promoting it imperative understand how different biological factors attenuate amplify cognition individual level. In this mini-review, we briefly discuss current state literature examining relationship between health adults present argument sex potent moderator relationship. Additionally, highlight some potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying difference relatively new rapidly expanding line research.

Language: Английский

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Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 22, 2021

The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and attention in research recent years. field exercise-cognition also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number studies published the past decade. In perspective article, we aim prompt progress (i) discussing causes consequences variability, (ii) critically examining that have investigated variability neurocognitive outcome parameters acute physical exercises, (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. provided recommendations, which advocate rigorous study design, intended help researchers design allowing them draw robust conclusions. This, turn, is very likely foster development practical application findings.

Language: Английский

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Does exercise have a protective effect on cognitive function under hypoxia? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 562 - 577

Published: April 20, 2020

This study aimed to examine (1) the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive function and (2) exercise cognition while under hypoxia.

Language: Английский

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Acute and Chronic Exercise Effects on Human Memory: What We Know and Where to Go from Here

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(21), P. 4812 - 4812

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Although the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of memories was once thought to happen within a single memory system with multiple processes operating on it, it is now believed that comprised both distinct interacting brain systems [...].

Language: Английский

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