Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 20
Published: Sept. 18, 2024
The
widely
used
insecticide
chlorpyrifos
(CP)
is
known
to
inhibit
acetylcholinesterase
(AChE)
activity
attributed
result
in
various
neurological
disorders
and
acetylcholine-dependent
organ
functions
including
heart,
skeletal
muscle,
lung,
gastrointestinal
tract,
central
nervous
systems.
Enzyme
reactivators,
such
as
oximes,
are
restore
AChE
mitigate
adverse
effects.
identification
of
compounds
that
reactivate
constitute
agents
with
important
therapeutic
beneficial
effects
cases
pesticide
poisoning.
However,
the
screening
novel
drugs
using
traditional
models
may
raise
ethical
concerns.
This
study
aimed
investigate
potential
Foods,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(6), P. 1163 - 1163
Published: March 9, 2023
The
treatment
of
agricultural
areas
with
pesticides
is
an
indispensable
approach
to
improve
crop
yields
and
cannot
be
avoided
in
the
coming
decades.
At
same
time,
significant
amounts
remain
food
their
ingestion
causes
serious
damage
such
as
neurological,
gastrointestinal,
allergic
reactions;
cancer;
even
death.
However,
during
fermentation
processing
foods,
residual
are
significantly
reduced
thanks
enzymatic
degradation
by
starter
accompanying
microflora.
This
review
concentrates
on
foods
highest
levels
pesticide
residues,
milk,
yogurt,
fermented
vegetables
(pickles,
kimchi,
olives),
fruit
juices,
grains,
sourdough,
wines.
focus
molecular
mechanisms
due
presence
specific
microbial
species.
They
contain
a
unique
genetic
pool
that
confers
appropriate
enzymological
profile
act
detoxifiers.
prospects
developing
more
effective
biodetoxification
strategies
engaging
probiotic
lactic
acid
bacteria
also
discussed.
Toxicology Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13, P. 101819 - 101819
Published: Nov. 19, 2024
Aquatic
environments,
including
marine
and
freshwater
ecosystems,
are
vital
for
ecological
balance
biodiversity.
The
rising
global
demand
aquaculture
products
necessitates
increased
production,
with
intensified
practices
posing
significant
environmental
risks.
This
review
explores
the
pathways
through
which
chemical
pollutants,
heavy
metals,
pharmaceuticals,
stressors
induce
teratogenic
effects
in
aquatic
species.
highlights
impact
of
pesticide
include
triazine
herbicides,
organophosphate
organochlorine
insecticides,
carbamates
on
life,
emphasizing
their
interference
endocrine
systems
developmental
processes.
Heavy
metals
like
mercury,
lead,
cadmium,
arsenic,
chromium
noted
persistence
bioaccumulative
properties,
disrupting
cellular
hormonal
functions.
Pharmaceuticals,
NSAIDs,
antibiotics,
chemotherapeutic
agents,
exert
by
physiological
pathways.
Environmental
includes
temperature
fluctuations,
salinity
variations,
pH
changes,
oxygen
level
imbalances
exacerbate
pollutants.
importance
comprehensive
management
understanding
these
complex
interactions
is
essential
formulating
efficient
strategies
to
safeguard
effective
measures
protect
ecosystems
Foods,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 1155 - 1155
Published: April 10, 2024
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
evaluate
contamination
levels
and
the
frequency
detection
organochlorine
(OCPs)
organophosphate
pesticides
(OPPs),
pyrethroids,
carbamates
polychlorinated
biphenyls
(seven
PCB
congeners)
in
a
total
534
samples
cow’s,
sheep’s
goat’s
milk
dairy
products
from
Croatia.
Concentrations
above
limit
quantification
(LOQ)
were
measured
for
fourteen
OCPs,
nine
OPPs,
six
one
carbamate
PCBs
with
172
results,
no
concentrations
exceeded
maximal
residue
defined
by
European
Union.
mean
sum
seven
determined
ranges
0.92–17.4
μg/kg
1.38–2.74
μg/kg.
Pesticides
quantified
27%
samples,
5.23%
samples.
Among
three
pesticide
groups,
highest
numbers
results
found
OCPs
(12.1–20.8%).
frequencies
4,4’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
its
isomers
(DDTs),
hexachlorobenzene
PCBs.
within
range
3.3–6.67%
per
type
products.
chlorpyrifos
cow’s
milk.
Based
on
estimated
daily
intakes,
chronic
risk
characterisation
showed
adults
or
ten-year-old
children
consumption
This
study
presents
an
_in
silico_
analysis
of
the
toxicity
Organophosphates
(OPs)
through
their
interaction
with
Human
Serum
Albumin
(HSA)
protein
using
density
functional
theory
(DFT)
and
molecular
docking
approaches.
Organophosphates,
known
for
widespread
use
as
pesticides,
have
raised
significant
concerns
due
to
potential
toxicological
effects.
To
investigate
mechanisms
underlying
OP
toxicity,
we
conducted
DFT
calculations
determine
electronic
properties
reactivity
selective
compounds.
Molecular
simulations
were
performed
explore
binding
affinity,
sites,
conformational
changes
HSA
upon
exposure
OPs.
The
revealed
key
descriptors,
such
HOMO-LUMO
gap
electrostatic
potential,
that
indicate
high
OPs
biological
molecules.
Docking
results
showed
strong
affinities
between
HSA,
particularly
at
sites
involved
in
metabolite
drug
transport,
suggesting
interference
protein’s
native
function.
was
further
supported
by
dynamics
simulations,
which
confirmed
stability
OP-HSA
complex
over
time.
These
findings
provide
critical
insights
into
basis
organophosphate
emphasizing
importance
HSA.
combined
approach
offers
a
valuable
framework
predicting
behavior
lays
foundation
vitro_
vivo_
studies.
Toxicology Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14, P. 102038 - 102038
Published: April 24, 2025
Traditional
medicine
is
the
primary
healthcare
source
for
most
people
in
developing
nations,
with
herbal
remedies
used
disorders
of
metabolism.
The
study
assessed
how
Andrographis
paniculata
aqueous
extract
affected
male
Wistar
rats'
cardiotoxicity
caused
by
dichlorvos.
Three
groups
consisting
eighteen
rats
were
randomly
assigned
(n
=
6).
Group
A
was
not
exposed
to
dichlorvos,
as
it
served
(control).
B
dichlorvos
(1
ml/day
1
week)
via
inhalation.
C
(as
B)
and
treated
(500
mg/kg
body
weight)
orally
28
days.
Exposure
alteration
cardiovascular
variables
electrocardiac
function
(blood
pressure,
heart
rate
electrocardiogram),
cardiac
injury
(lactate
dehydrogenase
creatine
kinase),
oxidative
stress
(malondialdehyde
(MDA),
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
reduced
glutathione
(GSH)
peroxidase
(GPx)),
inflammation
(tumor
necrosis
factor-α
(TNF-α),
interleukin-6
(IL-6)
apoptosis
(caspase
3).
However,
treatment
improved
antioxidant
defense
system,
attenuated
impairment,
prevented
damage
musculature.
exhibited
cardioprotective
potential.
The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
86(1)
Published: May 30, 2025
Abstract
Background
Insecticides
hold
crucial
roles
in
both
agriculture
and
healthcare
sectors.
However,
only
a
fraction
of
them
is
utilized
for
their
intended
purpose
eradicating
target
species,
the
remainder
often
disperse
into
environment,
contributing
to
pollution.
Chlorpyrifos
(CP),
an
organophosphate
(OP)
insecticide,
represents
one
most
prevalent
chemicals
used
agricultural
residential
settings,
known
its
neurotoxic
properties.
This
study
aimed
assess
detrimental
effect
CP
on
non-targets
using
Drosophila
,
well-known
model
toxicology.
The
present
laboratory-based
was
performed
with
D.
melanogaster
observe
effects
(oral
intake)
various
biological
parameters
such
as
fecundity,
developmental
duration,
phenotype
deformities,
gut
Malpighian
tissue
damage,
lifespan,
neurobehavior
(larval
adult
locomotor
activity)
larval
brain
histology.
Flies
were
initially
exposed
(within
range
0.5
5
ppm)
24
48
h
determine
LC
50
through
probit
analysis,
based
which
two
sublethal
concentrations
chosen
setting
experiments.
Results
Significantly
lower
fecundity
(50–75%),
delayed
development,
reduced
activities
(~
28–70%)
decreased
lifespan
(51–66%)
observed
flies.
Morphological
damaged
tissues
tubules
mild
neural
degeneration
also
treated
.
adverse
less
after
10
generations
exposure
due
development
resistance.
Conclusion
Thus,
results
warn
us
rethink
possible
consequences
insecticide
long-term
associated
human
health
well
insects
medical
importance.
