Halophilic Fungi—Features and Potential Applications

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 175 - 175

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Extremophiles are of significant scientific interest due to their unique adaptation harsh environmental conditions and potential for diverse biotechnological applications. Among these extremophiles, filamentous fungi adapted high-salt environments represent a new valuable source enzymes, biomolecules, biomaterials. While most studies on halophiles have focused bacteria, reports remain limited. This review compiles information about salt-adapted details distribution, mechanisms, applications in various societal areas. Understanding the adaptive mechanisms halophilic not only sheds light biology extremophilic but also leads promising applications, including development salt-tolerant enzymes strategies bioremediation saline habitats. To fully realize this potential, comprehensive understanding ecology, diversity physiology is crucial. In addition, survival important astrobiology. The highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Coastal wetland resilience through local, regional and global conservation

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Coastal wetlands, including tidal marshes, mangrove forests and flats, support the livelihoods of millions people. Understanding resilience coastal wetlands to increasing number intensity anthropogenic threats (such as habitat conversion, pollution, fishing climate change) can inform what conservation actions will be effective. In this Review, we synthesize their through lens scale. Over decades centuries, have unfolded across local, regional global scales, reducing both extent quality wetlands. The existing is driven by quality, which modulated physical conditions sediment supply) ecological species interactions operating from local scales). Protection restoration efforts, however, are often localized focus on future depend an improved understanding resilience, society's enhance different scales. important ecosystems around world under threat. This Review explores multiple drivers change priorities.

Language: Английский

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Biological and Agronomic Traits of the Main Halophytes Widespread in the Mediterranean Region as Potential New Vegetable Crops

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 195 - 195

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Salinity is one of the oldest and most serious environmental problems in world. The increasingly widespread salinization soils water resources represents a growing threat to agriculture around A strategy cope with this problem cultivate salt-tolerant crops and, therefore, it necessary identify plant species that are naturally adapted high-salinity conditions. In review, we focus our attention on some can be considered among representative halophytes Mediterranean region; they potential resources, such as new or relatively vegetable crops, produce raw minimally processed (or ready-to-eat) products, considering their nutritional properties nutraceuticals. main biological agronomic characteristics these health risks due mycotoxigenic fungi have been analyzed summarized dedicated section. objective review illustrate agronomical common halophytic area, which could expand range leafy vegetables market.

Language: Английский

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How Do Fungi Survive in the Sea and Respond to Climate Change?

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 291 - 291

Published: March 11, 2022

With the over 2000 marine fungi and fungal-like organisms documented so far, some have adapted fully to life in sea, while ability tolerate environmental conditions milieu. These evolved various mechanisms for growth environment, especially against salinity gradients. This review highlights response of fungi, terrestrial (for comparison) towards variations terms their growth, spore germination, sporulation, physiology, genetic adaptability. Marine, freshwater vary greatly salinity. Generally, grow, germinate sporulate better at lower salinities, do a wide range salinities. Zoosporic are more sensitive than true Ascomycota Basidiomycota. Labyrinthulomycota Oomycota tolerant saprolegniaceous reproduction. Wide adaptability saline or marine-related habitats requires maintaining accumulation ions vacuoles, exclusion high levels sodium chloride, maintenance turgor mycelium, optimal alkaline pH, broad temperature from polar tropical waters, depths often under anoxic conditions, these properties may allow positively respond challenges that climate change will bring. Other related topics also be discussed this article, such as effect on secondary metabolite production by evolution endophytes.

Language: Английский

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Updates on the classification and numbers of marine fungi

Botanica Marina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(4), P. 213 - 238

Published: July 21, 2023

Abstract This article revises the documented diversity of known marine fungi from nine phyla, 33 classes, 107 orders, 273 families, 767 genera and 1898 species reported worldwide. A member Aphelidiomycota, Pseudaphelidium drebesii , is for first time environment, on a diatom. Likewise, phylum Mortierellomycota listed following taxonomic changes, as are six subclasses: Chaetothyriomycetidae, Savoryellomycetidae, Sclerococcomycetidae, Agaricostilbomycetidae, Auriculariomycetidae Aphelidiomycotina. Thirty-three orders 105 family names with added to checklist, along 641 in 228 genera, bringing total 1898. New additions list highlighted. Four new combinations proposed: Stigmatodiscus mangrovei Diaporthe krabiensis xylocarpi while hyphomycete Humicola alopallonella referred genus Halosphaeriopsis alopallonella.

Language: Английский

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Life at the extreme: Plant-driven hotspots of soil nutrient cycling in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 109128 - 109128

Published: July 25, 2023

The hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert represents one most intense environments on Earth, often being used as an analog for Mars regolith. area is characterized by extremes in climate (e.g., temperature, humidity, UV irradiation) and edaphic factors hyper-salinity, high pH, compaction, perchlorates, low moisture, phosphorus organic matter). However, halophytic C4 plant Distichlis spicata appears to be few species planet that can thrive this environment. Within habitat it captures windblown sand leading formation unique structures generation above-ground phyllosphere soil. Using a combination approaches X-ray Computed Tomography, TXRF, δ13C/δ15N isotope profiling, microbial PLFAs, 14C turnover, phosphate sorption isotherms) we examined regulating biogeochemical cycling nitrogen (N), (P) carbon (C) both vegetated unvegetated areas. Our results showed D. rhizomes with large aerenchyma were able break through highly cemented topsoil layer root proliferation underlying presence roots increased soil water content, P availability induced change community structure promoted growth activity. In contrast, exhibited almost no biological Organic C stocks recent derived input follows: (1941 g m−2; 85% recent) > soils under plants (575–748 55–60%) bare (491–642 9–17%). Due levels nitrate (>2 t ha−1) rates sorption/precipitation, our data suggest activity P, but not N limited. Root-mediated salt uptake combined foliar excretion dispersal NaCl into surrounding indicated was responsible actively removing ca. 55% from rhizosphere. We also demonstrate NH3 emissions may represent major loss pathway these ecosystems during processing N. attribute volatilization pH slow nitrification. conclusion, extremophile physically, chemically biologically reengineers create bioactive hotspot within climate-extreme Desert.

Language: Английский

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Microbial Eukaryotes in Natural and Artificial Salt Marsh Pools

Coasts, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 287 - 305

Published: April 2, 2024

Microscopic eukaryotes are important components of coastal wetland ecosystems. The goal this study was to investigate the diversity microeukaryotes in tidal pools a New Jersey salt marsh and compare assemblages natural artificial excavated for controlling mosquito populations. We evaluated microeukaryotic using amplicon sequencing 18S rbcL DNA markers microscopic identification diatoms water sediment samples. unique sequence variants (ASV) representing ciliates, dinoflagellates, diatoms, cercozoans were most diverse, while reads nematodes abundant. dominant ASVs attributed organisms that characteristic plankton sediments or those known their resistance salinity, desiccation, hypoxia, UV stress. more diverse compared from column contained larger portion not assigned any low-rank taxa, reflecting current gaps understanding microeukaryotes. Most taxonomic groups significantly different abundance composition between pools. Dinoflagellates, haptophytes, chrysophytes, pelagophytes, raphidophytes—the include large proportion mixotrophic taxa species forming harmful algal blooms—were abundant than Fungi, labyrinthulomycetes, peronosporomycetes also pools, which may be related organic matter enrichment. Diatoms foraminifera showed an opposite trend higher

Language: Английский

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Paraloratospora edkuensis sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Phaeosphaeriaceae) from the brackish Lake Edku, Egypt

Botanica Marina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract In this study, we introduce a novel saprobic taxon Paraloratospora edkuensis , from decaying stem of Phragmites australis collected at Lake Edku, El-Behera Governorate, Egypt. Multi-locus analyses the combined ITS (internal transcribed spacers rDNA), LSU (nuclear large subunit rDNA) and tef 1-α (translation elongation factor) sequence data placed new within as phylogenetically distinct species in clade containing two aquatic P . fructigena marina The is characterized by having globose to subglobose, dark brown black ascomata with short neck, 4–8-spored, cylindrical obclavate asci, 3-septate, hyaline fusiform ascospores. differs smaller single asci four or eight ascospores, different mycelial colony morphology, nucleotide differences 2.1–3 %, 0.6–1.4 1.3–6.9 % ITS, genes, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the potentials of Lawsonia inermis L.: its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potentials

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e19170 - e19170

Published: April 9, 2025

Lawsonia inermis L., commonly known as henna, is a traditional medicinal Indian plant used for anti-dandruff and antifungal purposes. The rich in phytochemicals believed to have significant bioactivity potential. However, limited information available on the phytochemical compositions of L. cultivars Thailand. Therefore, this study aims assess constituents investigate extract. leaf extracts were prepared by macerating ethanol (HenE), methanol (HenM), chloroform (HenC), hexane (HenH), water boiling (HenW). phenolic flavonoid contents determined Folin-Ciocalteu aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed qualify polyphenolic contents. Antioxidant activities evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) Moreover, antibacterial activity tested against two gram-positive four gram-negative bacteria agar well diffusion broth dilution methods, carried out poisoned food technique. Additionally, cytotoxicity MDA-MB-231, SW480, A549 A549RT-eto cancer cell lines (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. scratch wound healing assay determine effect anti-migration cells. Quantitative analysis revealed that HenE HenM had high Gallic acid, catechin, ellagic apigetrin, lawsone quercetin identified HPLC. exhibited strong properties, showed different inhibition growth tested, especially B. cereus S. aureus. In addition, all potential inhibitory fungal strains, Hen M, which antifungus Penicillium sp. All cytotoxic effects A549RT-eto, except HenH. best IC50 values 57.33 ± 5.56 µg/ml 65.00 7.07 SW480 cells, respectively. HenC, HenW, HenH found suppress cells migration. This extracts, particularly those obtained from polar solvents (HenE HenM), potency antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer properties. Our findings highlight valuable biological properties can be promoted through additional investigation into their applications Thailand industrial

Language: Английский

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A Quaternary Sedimentary Ancient DNA (sedaDNA) Record of Fungal–Terrestrial Ecosystem Dynamics in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot (Lake Towuti, Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1005 - 1005

Published: April 27, 2025

Short-term observations suggest that environmental changes affect the diversity and composition of soil fungi, significantly influencing forest resilience, plant diversity, processes. However, time-series experiments should be supplemented with geobiological archives to capture long-term effects on fungi-soil-plant interactions, particularly in undersampled, floristically diverse tropical forests. We recently conducted trnL-P6 amplicon sequencing generate a sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) record regional catchment vegetation waterbody Lake Towuti (Sulawesi, Indonesia), spanning over one million years (Myr) lake's developmental history. In this study, we performed 18SV9 create parallel paleofungal (a) infer composition, origins, functional guilds community members (b) determine extent which downcore fungal reflect late Pleistocene evolution catchment. identified at least 52 Ascomycota (predominantly Dothiodeomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes) 12 Basidiomycota (primarily Agaricales Polyporales). Spearman correlation analysis relative geochemical parameters, paleovegetation assemblages revealed overwhelming majority consisted organic matter wood-decaying saprobes, except for necrotrophic phytopathogenic association between Mycosphaerellaceae (Cadophora) wetland herbs (Alocasia) more-than-1-Myr-old silts peats deposited pre-lake landscape, dominated by small rivers, wetlands, peat swamps. During lacustrine stage, used grow ultramafic soils during extended periods inferred drying showed associations dark septate endophytes (Ploettnerulaceae Didymellaceae) can produce large quantities siderophores solubilize mineral-bound ferrous iron, releasing bioavailable iron needed several processes plants, including photosynthesis. Our study sedaDNA metabarcoding paired parameters yielded plausible insights into fungal-plant-soil paleohydrology Towuti, more than Myr deposition.

Language: Английский

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