COVID-19-Associated Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis, an Incidental Finding or a Matter of Concern – Mixed-Method Systematic Review

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 387 - 402

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract: With the advent of COVID-19, number patients diagnosed with mucormycosis has increased, especially in developing countries. The reason behind this increase is that COVID-19 causes hypoxia promotes growth fungus. To identify association between and critically ill or immunocompromised patients. literature included review was researched from October 1, 2021, to November 2022, by using Google Scholar database as search engine. Of 20 articles included, there were 4 case reports, 2 series, 10 narrative reviews, quantitative studies. Mucormycetes caused several factors, including hyperglycemia owing previously existing diabetes excessive use steroids, increased ferritin levels inflammatory cascade initiated immunosuppression steroids other immunosuppressive therapy. Reduced white-cell count activity leads germination fungal spores hence a catastrophic picture rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Considering hematological patient frequently treated cortisone, immunosuppressed due underlying condition, but also through administered therapy, possible makes susceptible during infection. Despite being severe, specific treatable. Development suffering severe disease dangerous, yet not compulsory can be prevented. Using common steroid-dose protocol hyperbaric oxygen necessary preventive measure reveals superadded Hypoxia, poor glycemic control overuse drugs cause it. Keywords: COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, immunocompromised, critical, infection

Language: Английский

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Amphotericin B: Insight into the advances in preclinical and clinical development

emergent Life Sciences Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(01), P. 55 - 71

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a recognized antifungal drug derived from natural source that has been used for more than five decades to treat various fungal as well protozoal infections. In the past two years, returned forefront of medical discussions preferred treatment COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), popularly known black fungus AmB acts by binding ergosterol present in cells resulting formation pore ion channels and thus making cell membrane dysfunctional. It also produces free radicals inside impairs vital cellular pathways fungus. Low resistance broad-spectrum activity against an array species support continued use decades. However, nephrotoxicity produced conventional formulations major limitation their reason search safer advanced lipid-based nano-formulations. The price medication with newer intravenous route administration are obstacles widespread clinical use. Due its significant toxicity, mainly life-threatening infections leishmaniasis only. This review provides insight into preclinical advancement formulations, including nano-formulations, promising therapy susceptible humans animals.

Language: Английский

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Association between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and the Recovery of Olfactory and/or Gustatory Functions in Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(B), P. 538 - 542

Published: Feb. 25, 2022

AIM: This study is a prospective cohort aimed to assess the effect of systemic corticosteroids administration time in recovery gustatory and olfactory sensations dysfunction (ageusia anosmia) COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with symptoms ageusia anosmia were recruited (that their COVID infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction). Daily 10 mg prescribed 1st week then reduced 5 2nd all observe taste smell sensation recovery. All data recorded analyzed. Patients grouped into two groups (early late groups) according duration dysfunction. RESULTS: Regression analysis showed that early corticosteroid resulted significant decrease (0.27 [0.2–0.35], p < 0.001). group (<1 week) faster improvement regaining functions than (>1 difference (p CONCLUSIONS: The use phases covid-19 help anosmia.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Mucormycosis of Orofacial Region: A Scoping Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2023

During the second wave of coronavirus disease, or COVID-19, infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus in year 2021 around globe, there is a surge number cases mucormycosis “Black Fungus” that directly/indirectly associated with COVID-19. In this review article, orofacial region has gained importance from maximum published literature (45 articles) various databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web Science, and Embase. Rhino-orbital cerebral (ROCM) fatal condition COVID-19 among categories such as pulmonary, oral, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, disseminated. ROCM targets maxillary sinus, also involving teeth maxilla, orbits, ethmoidal sinus. These are particular interest dentists oral pathologists for proper diagnosis identification. Co-morbid conditions, especially diabetes mellitus type II, have be monitored carefully patients they higher risk developing mucormycosis. presentations COVID-19-linked mentioned having emphasis on pathogenesis, signs symptoms, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities including histopathology, radiology CT MRI, serology, tissue culture, laboratory investigations, treatment protocols, management prognosis, so on. Any suspected case needs quick detection since it progresses quickly destructive course infection. Long-term follow-up along care must detect any kind recurrence.

Language: Английский

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Iranian patients co-infected with COVID-19 and mucormycosis: the most common predisposing factor, clinical outcomes, laboratory markers and diagnosis, and drug therapies

Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(8), P. 600 - 613

Published: April 7, 2022

The newly emerged pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the world's main health challenge because infected patients become vulnerable to a variety opportunistic diseases.This study aimed assess clinical outcomes, diagnosis, utilized drug therapies, and ongoing COVID-19 practices in Iranian cases co-infected with mucormycosis.A case-series analysis was conducted presence 10 mucormycosis co-infection (two men eight women; mean age 48.8 years) from March October 2020. Demographic variables, signs/symptoms, comorbidities all were recorded. confirmed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharyngeal swab tests high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT)_ scans.All had positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Eight history diabetes, while three them exhibited hypertension history. Remarkable laboratory findings elevated fasting blood sugar 6 anaemia four patients. A rhino-orbital-cerebral detected based on HR-CT scans otorhinolaryngological or ophthalmological examinations. Neurological disorders including facial, trigeminal, optic, oculomotor nerve involvement resulted paraesthesia, pain, ptosis, no light perception, blurred vision, papilledema five cases. Maxillary ethmoid sinuses most common sites involvement.Vulnerable comorbidities, any facial involvements, treated by excessive doses glucocorticoids antibiotics should undergo precise examinations during appearance early signs hospitalization diagnose treat using standard care antifungal treatments.

Language: Английский

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