A Comprehensive Review on the Management of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): The New Basics

BioMed, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 181 - 198

Published: April 12, 2022

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which comes with several comorbidities, was declared a pandemic in early 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). Glucocorticoids that are used severe cases COVID-19 as therapeutic measures may lead to opportunistic fungal infections such patients. Mucormycosis is one these and mostly occurs immune-compromised patients those who undergo transplant surgeries. However, it rarely develops patients, although many COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) have been found developing nations, like India. CAM usually between 15 days few months after hospitalization or complete recovery from disease. It an uncommon yet serious infection further agitates the symptoms Patients diabetes mellitus other comorbidities likely be at higher risk for mucormycosis. Concurrent glucocorticoid therapy possibly heightens increases blood glucose levels. Dentists, frontline healthcare workers, maybe first presented oral manifestations therefore need pay special attention. In light available pieces evidence, this review highlights basics underlying condition starting pathology, causative factors, clinical manifestations, including cavity, diagnosis, treatment, prevention both conventional advanced approaches. We limited study basic established methods management treatment along statistical updates. Other antifungal drugs novel microbiological peptides development future studies their elucidation.

Language: Английский

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Disaster mycology

Biomédica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(Sp. 1), P. 267 - 277

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Natural and human-made disasters have long played a role in shaping the environment microbial communities, also affecting non-microbial life on Earth. Disaster microbiology is new concept based notion that disaster changes causing adaptation or alteration of populations –growth, death, transportation to area, development traits, resistance– can downstream effects affected ecosystem. Such include blooms ability colonize niche host, cause disease, survive former extreme conditions.Throughout history, fungal been by disasters. There are prehistoric archeological records after asteroid impacts fungi implicated fall dinosaurs. In recent times, drought dust storms caused disturbance soil fungi, hurricanes induced growth molds wet surfaces, resulting an increased incidence disease. Probably, anticipated increase heat would force at high temperatures, like those human body, thus be able infect mammals. This may lead drastic rise diseases humans.

Language: Английский

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Exploring SARS-CoV2 host-pathogen interactions and associated fungal infections cross-talk: Screening of targets and understanding pathogenesis

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 4351 - 4359

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The COVID-19 associated opportunistic fungal infections have posed major challenges in recent times. Global scientific efforts identified several SARS-CoV2 host-pathogen interactions a very short time span. However, information about the molecular basis of is not readily available. Previous studies number host targets involved these showing association with patients. We screened COVID-19-associated infections, addition to interaction data from well-known and widely used biological databases. Venn diagram was prepared screen common studied infections. Moreover, an network disease STRING identify important on parameters. (HPI) map also virus Pathway enrichment analysis subset those HPI were performed separately. This data-based six all among which CARD9 CYP51A1 SARS-CoV2. signaling pathways such as integrin screened, HPI. results this study indicate deserving detailed investigation develop strategies for management SARS-CoV2-associated

Language: Английский

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Invasive cryptococcal disease in COVID-19: systematic review of the literature and analysis

Infezioni in Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: March 4, 2023

During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an increasing number of fungal infections associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported. Among them, cryptococcosis could be a life-threatening disease. We performed Systematic Review (PRISMA Statement) and COVID-19 co-infection, case report/series were included: total 34 cases found, then we added our report. collected patients' data statistical analysis comparing two groups patients sorted by outcome: "dead" "alive". Three excluded for lack information. To compare categorical data, used Fisher-exact test (α=0.05). quantitative variables U Mann-Whitney was (α=0.05), 95% Confidence Interval. A 32 co-infected included in analysis. Mortality rate 17/32 (53.1%): these group, 15/32 (46.9%) survived "alive" group. Overall, males 25/32 (78.1%), median age 60 years (IQR 53-70) non-statistically significant difference between (p=0.149 p=0.911, respectively). mortality: ARDS, ICU admission inadequate treatment. 21 out 24 (87.5%) ARDS statistically among (p=0.028). observed 18/26 (69.2%), more frequently dead group (p=0.034). Finally, had adequate treatment (amphotericin B + flucytosine invasive cryptococcosis) mostly alive (p=0.039). In conclusion, mortality due to cryptococcal remains high but early diagnosis appropriate reduce mortality.

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID pulmonary fungal infections: An unanticipated predicament or a ticking time bomb? Clinico-microbiological profile of cases encountered during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic at a teaching hospital in the Himalayas with a brief literature review

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 3228 - 3235

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Introduction: This study attempts to generate preliminary data regarding post-COVID pulmonary fungal infections, namely, COVID-19-associated aspergillosis (CAPA), mucormycosis (CAPM), and mixed infections from the Himalayas compares micro-radio-clinical profile outcomes of affected patients. Materials Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted, where clinical profiles, microbiological radiological reports, n = 16 patients were compared. Results: Of patients, 7 had CAPA ( 5 Aspergillus fumigatu s, 1 flavus, niger ), CAPM (Rhizopus arrhizus) , 4 with 3 infected fumigatus Rhizopus spp. flavus arrhizus ). Thick-walled cavitary lesions, air–fluid levels, multiple centrilobular nodules some common findings reported among these Conclusion: The immuno-compromised state following COVID-19 infection treatment might be responsible for progression regular exposure dense Himalayan vegetation into an invasive infection. Suspecting is necessary primary care physicians ensure timely referral higher centers. Mixed (coinfection spp.) are also emerging as important sequelae COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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RHINOSINUSITIS IN PATIENTS IN POST-COVID-19 PERIOD: ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Wiadomości Lekarskie, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75(8), P. 1945 - 1953

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The aim is to identify the etiology, clinical and morphological features of rhinosinusitis in patients post-COVID-19 period.Materials methods: In present study, it was carried out analysis 11 cases rhinosinusitis, which developed after COVID-19 infection. diagnosis rhi¬nosinusitis established on basis anamnesis, laboratory examination, specialized instrumental examination (rhinoendoscopy, X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, spiral 3D computed tomography). All underwent endoscopic sanitation nasal cavity, expansion maxillary anastomosis, sinusotomy, sinuses removal pathologically altered tissues. Microbiological swab from cavity all patients. Histological morphometric research methods were used during study surgical material. nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test compare means groups.Results: conducted comprehensive made possible chronic atrophic at stage exacerbation caused by associations bacteria fungi period. Among bacteria, authors most often noted Staphylococcus aureus, epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia Enterococcus faecalis. fungi, there Aspergillus, Candida, Mucor Coccidioides. Fungal infection characterized invasion into mucous membrane nose paranasal sinuses. period invasive bacterial-fungal predominantly bilateral, involvement several or process. Patients with such pathology complained periodic fever, headaches malaise; congestion constant difficulty breathing; yellowish-greenish-reddish discharge sometimes a fetid odor; discomfort pain area sinuses; immobility eyeball, hyposmia anosmia; reduction complete loss vision. Frequent risk factors for development information about moderate severe course this anamnesis; comorbidities (predominantly diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease ischemic heart disease).Conclusions: etiological, features, as well This will contribute better understanding doctors improve diagnostic treatment

Language: Английский

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Progress in the Development of Fungal Metabolites as New Drugs for Human Mycoses

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Fungi have a fascinating track record related to producing bioactive substances that become medicines or inspired the synthesis of drug leads. On other hand, there are several fungal species cause damage human health, agriculture, materials, and animals, some which lead conditions can acquire great severity when reaching vital organs. Mycoses deserve special attention they installed in immunocompromised individuals, neonates, patients debilitated by diseases, as occurred during COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, development antifungal drugs for applications is very relevant worldwide. These be obtained through multiple strategies, highlighting biosynthesis metabolites fungi themselves. usually involved defense cohabitates an environment where fungi. Since these produced vitro, their isolation, identification, new antiviral important area research development. This chapter presents overview infections humans, developed control microorganisms, mechanisms action, chemical structures, properties with activity recently described literature, potential application pharma industry.

Language: Английский

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Scedosporium boydii disseminated infection complicating severe SARS-CoV2 infection in an immunocompetent patient: a case report

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 14, 2024

Background:Disseminated disease by species in theScedosporiumgenus are rarein immunocompetent patients, and have not been reported the context of severe SARS Cov-2 infection.Case presentation:A retired, 41-year-old police officer with a history obesity arterial hypertension presented to emergency department acute respiratory hypoxemic failure due SARS-Cov2 pneumonia. He used practice home aquarium care, biking, river swimming, fishing. no recent travel sea, lakes, or caves. required prolonged mechanical ventilation, had several documented episodes ventilator-associated pneumonia toPseudomonas aeruginosaandKlebsiella pneumoniae,which later evolved necrotizing pneumonia, multiple lung abscesses, bronchopleural fistula, empyema subpleural abscess. Despite sedation withdrawal he remained unconscious; brain MRI revealed abscesses.Scedosporium boydiiwas isolated from both abscess cultures. In addition percutaneous drainage was treated combined therapy voriconazole liposomal amphotericin B, considering possible synergic effect. Drainage abscesses feasible; thus, radiological progression documented, leading patient´s demise despite five weeks treatment.Conclusion:Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) molds an emerging condition patients COVID-19. Cases aspergillosis, candidiasis mucormycosis were increasingly during COVID-19 pandemic. This is first report fatal disseminated infection toScedosporium boydiipreceded infection.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of microbiological and molecular diagnosis for identification of respiratory secondary infections in COVID-19 patients and their antimicrobial resistance patterns

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 110(2), P. 116479 - 116479

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Fungi identified via next-generation sequencing in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Sept. 17, 2024

The epidemiology of fungi identified via next-generation sequencing in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among patients with COVID-19 is unknown.

Language: Английский

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