Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Glioblastoma: Current Status and Future Possibilities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2316 - 2316

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Glioblastoma, a grade 4 glioma as per the World Health Organization, poses challenge in adult primary brain tumor management despite advanced surgical techniques and multimodal therapies. This review delves into potential of targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with small-molecule inhibitors antibodies treatment strategy. EGFR, mutationally active tyrosine kinase over 50% glioblastoma cases, features variants like EGFRvIII, EGFRvII missense mutations, necessitating deep understanding their structures signaling pathways. Although EGFR have demonstrated efficacy other cancers, application is hindered by blood–brain barrier penetration intrinsic resistance. The evolving realm nanodrugs convection-enhanced delivery offers promise ensuring precise drug to brain. Critical success identification patient populations that benefit from inhibitors. Tools radiolabeled anti-EGFR antibody 806i facilitate visualization conformations, aiding tailored selection. Recognizing synergistic combination therapies downstream targets mTOR, PI3k, HDACs pivotal for enhancing inhibitor efficacy. In conclusion, era precision oncology holds glioblastoma, contingent on treatments, effective navigation, exploration

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Past, Present, and Future of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Glioblastoma

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 830 - 830

Published: Jan. 29, 2023

Glioblastoma, a WHO grade IV astrocytoma, constitutes approximately half of malignant tumors the central nervous system. Despite technological advancements and aggressive multimodal treatment, prognosis remains dismal. The highly vascularized nature glioblastoma enables tumor cells to grow invade surrounding tissue, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is critical mediator this process. Therefore, over past decade, angiogenesis, more specifically, VEGF signaling pathway, has emerged as therapeutic target for therapy. This led FDA approval bevacizumab, monoclonal antibody designed against VEGF-A, treatment recurrent glioblastoma. promising preclinical data its theoretical effectiveness, bevacizumab failed improve patients’ overall survival. Furthermore, several other anti-angiogenic agents that pathway have also not demonstrated survival improvement. suggests presence compensatory angiogenic pathways surpass effects these facilitate vascularization despite ongoing inhibition. Herein, we review current state agents, discuss potential mechanisms resistance, suggest avenues increase efficacy approach.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Glioma Care: Focus on Emerging Neurosurgical Techniques

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 8 - 8

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Background: Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular pathways of glioma, translating this knowledge into effective long-term solutions remains a challenge. Indeed, gliomas pose challenge to neurosurgical oncology because their diverse histopathological features, genetic heterogeneity, and clinical manifestations. Relevant sections: This study focuses on glioma complexity by reviewing recent management, also considering new classification systems emerging techniques. To bridge gap between approaches standards care, importance diagnosis use techniques such as laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) focused ultrasound (FUS) are emphasized, exploring how integration with can personalize improve treatment gliomas. Conclusions: The choice LITT FUS should be tailored each case, factors tumor characteristics patient health. is favored for larger, complex tumors, while standard smaller, deep-seated ones. Both equally small superficial tumors. Our provides clear guidance treating pediatric low-grade highlights crucial roles managing high-grade adults. research sets stage improved care future developments field neurosurgery.

Language: Английский

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Development of Berberine-Loaded Nanoparticles for Astrocytoma Cells Administration and Photodynamic Therapy Stimulation

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 1078 - 1078

Published: March 27, 2023

Berberine (BBR) is known for its antitumor activity and photosensitizer properties in anti-cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), it has previously been favorably assayed against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-derived cells. In this work, two BBR hydrophobic salts, dodecyl sulfate (S) laurate (L), have encapsulated PLGA-based nanoparticles (NPs), chitosan-coated by the addition of chitosan oleate preparation. NPs were also further functionalized with folic acid. All BBR-loaded efficiently internalized into T98G GBM established cells, internalization increased presence However, highest mitochondrial co-localization percentages obtained BBR-S without acid content. appeared to be most efficient inducing cytotoxicity events therefore selected assess effect stimulation (PDT). As a result, PDT potentiated viability reduction at all studied concentrations, roughly 50% was obtained. No significant cytotoxic on normal rat primary astrocytes observed. increase early late apoptotic scored NPs, following scheme. Furthermore, significantly depolarization mitochondria highlighted NPs' mostly after stimulation, compared untreated PDT-only treated conclusion, these results efficacy BBR-NPs-based strategy coupled photoactivation approaches induce favorable effects

Language: Английский

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Presurgical diagnosis of diffuse gliomas in adults: Post-WHO 2021 practical perspectives from radiologists in neuro-oncology units

Radiología (English Edition), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66(3), P. 260 - 277

Published: March 23, 2024

The 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumours was greeted with enthusiasm as well an initial potential overwhelm. However, time and experience, our understanding its key aspects has notably improved. Using collective expertise gained in neuro-oncology units hospitals different countries, we have compiled a practical guide for radiologists that clarifies the criteria diffuse gliomas adults. Its format is clear concise to facilitate incorporation into everyday clinical practice. document includes historical overview classifications highlights most important recent additions. It describes main types detail emphasis on their appearance imaging. authors also address debated issues years. will better prepare conduct accurate presurgical diagnoses collaborate effectively decision making, thus impacting decisions treatment, prognosis, overall patient care. La Clasificación de tumores del SNC por la Organización Mundial Salud (OMS) fue acogida con entusiasmo, aunque al principio pudo parecer abrumadora. Con el tiempo, hemos comprendido los puntos clave, y basándonos en nuestra experiencia unidades neurooncología hospitales internacionales, elaborado una guía práctica para radiólogos. Esta esclarece criterios clasificación Gliomas Difusos adultos presenta un formato claro su aplicación diaria. El manuscrito repasa evolución histórica las clasificaciones destaca novedades más relevantes. Ofrece análisis detallado entidades principales, centrándose manifestaciones radiológicas. Además, discute temas controvertidos últimos años. este documento, radiólogos estarán preparados realizar diagnósticos prequirúrgicos, sobre todo colaborar eficazmente toma decisiones clínicas, impacto directo tratamiento, pronóstico o atención personalizada.

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Targeting brain tumors with innovative nanocarriers: bridging the gap through the blood-brain barrier

Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 877 - 897

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is recognized as the most lethal and highly invasive tumor. The high likelihood of treatment failure arises from presence blood-brain barrier (BBB) stem cells around GBM, which avert entry chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor mass. Recently, several researchers have designed novel nanocarrier systems like liposomes, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, nanorobot approaches, allowing to infiltrate BBB more efficiently, opening up innovative avenues prevail over therapy problems radiation therapy. Relevant literature for this manuscript has been collected a comprehensive systematic search databases, example, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, others, using specific keyword combinations, including "glioblastoma," "brain tumor," "nanocarriers," others. This review also provides deep insights recent advancements in nanocarrier-based formulations technologies GBM management. Elucidation various scientific advances conjunction with encouraging findings concerning future perspectives challenges nanocarriers effective brain management discussed.

Language: Английский

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SV2B/miR-34a/miR-128 axis as prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma multiforme

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 19, 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a heterogenous primary brain tumour that characterised with unfavourable patient prognosis. The identification of biomarkers for managing malignancies utmost importance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs implicated in cancer development. This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance miRNAs and their gene targets GBM. An silico approach was employed investigate differentially expressed most dysregulated were identified analysed via Sfold association target. candidate studied multi-omics approaches, followed by vitro vivo experiments. analyses revealed miR-128a miR-34a significantly downregulated within Both displayed high binding affinity synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (SV2B) 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). SV2B exhibited upregulation regions activity. Significantly higher levels observed grade comparison normal counterparts. expression across cytoplasm GBM cells. Our findings underscored patterns miR-34a, alongside suggesting importance SV2B/miR-34a/miR-128 axis as potential management.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Glioblastoma Diagnosis: Integrating Genetics, Noninvasive Sampling, and Advanced Imaging

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 124 - 124

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adult patients, and despite standard-of-care treatment, median survival has remained less than two years. Advances our understanding of molecular mutations have led to changes diagnostic criteria glioblastoma, with WHO classification integrating important into grading system 2021. We sought review basics genetic associated including known mechanisms roles disease pathogenesis/treatment. also examined new advances image processing as well invasive noninvasive tools that can aid diagnosis surveillance those undergoing treatment for glioblastoma. Our intended serve an overview current state-of-the-art management

Language: Английский

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Emerging Approaches in Glioblastoma Treatment: Modulating the Extracellular Matrix Through Nanotechnology

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 142 - 142

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Glioblastoma’s (GB) complex tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes its progression and resistance to therapy. A critical component of TME is the extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays a pivotal role in promoting tumor’s invasive behavior aggressiveness. Nanotechnology holds significant promise for GB treatment, with potential address challenges posed by both blood-brain barrier ECM. By enabling targeted delivery therapeutic diagnostic agents, nanotechnology offers prospect improving treatment efficacy accuracy at site. This review provides comprehensive exploration GB, including epidemiology, classification, current strategies, alongside intricacies TME. It highlights nanotechnology-based focusing on nanoparticle formulations such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, gold have shown Furthermore, it explores how different emerging strategies modulate ECM overcome high density, restricts drug distribution within tumors. emphasizing intersection ECM, this underscores an innovative approach advancing treatment. addresses limitations therapies, identifies new research avenues, emphasizes improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Clinical-Imaging and Histogenetic Analysis Between Astrocytoma IDH-Mutant Grade 4 and Glioblastoma IDH-Wildtype—Is There Really a Worse One?

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 438 - 438

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Background: Brain tumors pose a significant health threat, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Astrocytoma IDH-mutant grade 4 (A4IDHmt) glioblastoma IDH-wildtype (G4IDHwt) exhibit similar clinical imaging characteristics. This study aims highlight the differences in their evolution histogenetic aspects with possible therapeutic impact, as well adverse prognostic factors patient survival. Methods: We performed 10-year retrospective of gliomas, evaluating immunomarkers FISH tests. also quantified tumor necrosis microvascular density. Results: A total 81 cases were identified; 54.32% A4IDHmt. observed that A4IDHmt patients younger (34.10% under 50) had higher survival rate (4.55%). group exhibited more pronounced density (p = 0.010) proliferative index 0.026). G4IDHwt was associated larger volumes (94.84 cm3 vs. 86.14 cm3), lower resectability rates (82.88% 87.67%), immature cell population (83.78% 68.18%). In case both, negative risk on univariate analysis is given by advanced age (A4IDHmt: HR 1.035, G4IDHwt: 1.045) p53 immunopositivity 6.962, 4.680). Conclusions: The for include rapid onset symptoms (HR 2.038), diabetes mellitus 2.311), arterial hypertension 2.325), residual 2.662), increased volume 1.060), 1.096), 1.097). For G4IDHwt, consist 1.023), lost PTEN immunoreaction 33.133), unmethylated DNA status 6.765, respectively 20.573). Even if it has factors, lesser evil.

Language: Английский

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