Cytokine Expression and Cytolytic Effect of Natural Killer Cells are Suppressed in Septic Shock

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 101(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Septic shock is the most severe stage of sepsis. How immune dysregulation contributes to pathogenesis septic has not been thoroughly understood. In current research, phenotype and function circulating natural killer (NK) cells patients were characterised. The absolute number NK was comparably reduced in survivors non‐survivors, probably owing elevated cell apoptosis. Activating receptors including signalling lymphocytic activation molecule 4 (SLAMF4), p30‐related protein (NKp30), group 2, member D (NKG2D), DNAX accessory 1 (DNAM‐1) significantly downregulated on surface patients, especially non‐survivors. Furthermore, patients' exhibited lower expression granzyme B perforin, weaker target cell‐induced degranulation cytokine expression, as well incompetent cytolytic effect. These alterations more profound Importantly, serum interleukin‐35 (IL‐35), which an immunosuppressive cytokine, remarkably patients. Besides, concentration positively correlated with disease scores but negatively activating receptor expression. vitro assays indicated IL‐35‐induced strong suppression activity, evidenced by concomitant downregulation cytokines along inhibition capacity. Therefore, we uncovered for first time contributing role IL‐35 shock‐related human dysfunction.

Language: Английский

Optimizing Mean Arterial Pressure Targets for Septic Shock Patients With Chronic Hypertension: A Narrative Review

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Septic shock is a serious infection‐related condition that has big effect on public health. To improve organ perfusion prognosis in septic patients with chronic high blood pressure, optimal mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets are needed. This narrative review aims to summarize existing knowledge factors determine the most effective MAP hypertension. Methods A careful of relevant literature was conducted understand affect Long‐term hypertension require personalized based age, health conditions, severity. Results five studies were identified this review. Guidelines suggest 65‐75 mmHg for cases, but higher may be beneficial proper perfusion. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring allows dynamic adjustment targets. Conclusion It crucial implement management strategies achieve outcomes who experiencing shock. However, there lack consensus among hypertension, which maintain adequate tissue An approach considers each patient's unique characteristics includes ongoing assessment critical achieving best improving patient prognosis.

Language: Английский