Proposal for a Global Classification and Nomenclature System for A/H9 Influenza Viruses

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(8)

Published: July 30, 2024

Proposal of a global classification system and unified nomenclature to follow the evolution zoonotic influenza A/H9 virus, with aim improving communication on its epidemiology, evolution, spread at an international level.

Language: Английский

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Near-Infrared Long-Lived Luminescent Nanoparticle-Based Time-Gated Imaging for Background-Free Detection of Avian Influenza Virus

ACS Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Near-infrared (NIR)-to-NIR upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising materials for biomedical imaging and sensing applications. However, UCNPs with long lifetimes continue to face the limitation that they usually accompanied by weak luminescence intensity, resulting in difficulties achieving high-resolution sensitive time-gated imaging. To overcome this limitation, we have developed NIR long-lifetime luminescent (NLL NPs) strong 800 nm emission adding a photosensitizing shell prolonged lifetime lowering activator concentration. NLL NP-based overcomes inherent limitations of steady-state providing higher signal-to-noise ratios more robust signal intensities. When integrated into lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) detection avian influenza viruses, demonstrates 32-fold lower limit compared conventional optimal emitting nanoparticles. Furthermore, high accuracy LFA is confirmed through clinical validations using 65 samples, sensitivity specificity 100% an area under curve 1.000. These results demonstrate potential as powerful tool highly accurate viruses complex samples.

Language: Английский

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The emergence of new antigen branches of H9N2 avian influenza virus in China due to antigenic drift on hemagglutinin through antibody escape at immunodominant sites

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Vaccination is a crucial prevention and control measure against H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) that threaten poultry production public health. However, AIVs in China undergo continuous antigenic drift of hemagglutinin (HA) under antibody pressure, leading to the emergence immune escape variants. In this study, we investigated molecular basis current widespread AIVs. Specifically, most prevalent h9.4.2.5-lineage was divided into two branches based on monoclonal (mAb) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) profiling analysis, 12 residues were identified as markers these branches. The mapped sites A, B, E (H3 used reference). Among these, eight primarily increased 3`SLN preference contributed antigenicity drift, four at A B positively selected. Moreover, analysis strains over time space has revealed new branch since 2015, which replaced previous branch. old recirculated several regions after 2018. Collectively, study provides theoretical for understanding mechanisms developing vaccine candidates contest with

Language: Английский

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Mutational antigenic landscape of prevailing H9N2 influenza virus hemagglutinin spectrum

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(11), P. 113409 - 113409

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

H9N2 influenza viruses are globally endemic in birds, and a sharp increase human infections with occurred during 2021 to 2022. In this study, we assess the antigenic pathogenic impact of 23 hemagglutinin (HA) amino acid mutations. Our study reveals that three specific mutations, labeled R164Q, N166D, I220T, responsible for binding antibodies escape Variants containing R164Q I220T mutations viral replication avian mammalian cells. Furthermore, T150A found enhance mice, indicating these may have potential adapt mammals. Structure analysis residues 164 220 bearing interactions surrounding residues. findings enrich current knowledge about risk assessment regarding which predominant HA immune-escape pose greatest threat emergence pandemics birds humans.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs: exploring their role in farm animal disease and mycotoxin challenges

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 13, 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key regulators in gene expression and play a crucial role immune responses, holding significant promise for diagnosing managing diseases farm animals. This review article summarizes current research on the of miRNAs various animal mycotoxicosis, highlighting their potential biomarkers using them mitigation strategies. Through an extensive literature review, we focused impact pathogenesis several diseases, including viral bacterial infections mycotoxicosis. They regulate by inducing mRNA deadenylation, decay, or translational inhibition, significantly impacting cellular processes protein synthesis. The revealed specific associated with diseases; instance, gga-miR-M4 is Marek’s disease, gga-miR-375 tumor-suppressing function Avian Leukosis. In swine disease such Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) influenza, like miR-155 miR-21-3p emerged regulatory factors. Additionally, our highlighted interaction between mycotoxins, suggesting can be used biomarker mycotoxin exposure. For example, alterations miRNA expression, dysregulation observed response to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) chickens, may indicate mechanisms toxin-induced changes lipid metabolism leading liver damage. Our findings highlight early detection intervention management, potentially reducing economic losses agriculture. With only fraction functionally characterized animals, this underlines more altered distinct advanced technologies CRISPR-Cas9 screening, single-cell sequencing, integrated multi-omics approaches. Identifying targets offers novel pathway development strategies against exposure

Language: Английский

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Spray vaccination with a safe and bivalent H9N2 recombinant chimeric NDV vector vaccine elicits complete protection against NDV and H9N2 AIV challenge

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Language: Английский

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Pathogenicity of Novel H3 Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Development of a Promising Vaccine

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 288 - 288

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Since 2022, three cases of human infections novel H3N8 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been confirmed in China. Given the potential for significant public health implications, prompt detection and containment virus is particularly important. Comprehensive analyses were conducted complete viral gene sequences five H3 subtype AIVs that isolated from chickens, pigeons, geese live poultry markets China 2023. Four strains exhibited a high degree homology with responsible 2022 A subsequent study was to investigate pathogenicity differences among multiple subtypes chickens. The revealed all infected chickens clinical signs shedding. Notably, two viruses, which highly homologous strains, demonstrated adaptability goose-derived H3N5 strain displayed could replicate organs, highest titer cloaca. Additionally, vaccine strain, designated CK/NT308/H3N3, successfully developed provided protection effectively prevented shedding against both H3N3 viruses. In conclusion, CK/NT308/H3N3 presents promising candidate.

Language: Английский

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Molecular patterns of matrix protein 1 (M1): A strong predictor of adaptive evolution in H9N2 avian influenza viruses

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(9)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) emerges as a significant member the A family. However, varying degrees epidemiological dominance among different lineages or clades AIVs have not been fully clarified. matrix protein M1, key structural component virion, plays crucial role in maintaining viral structure and lifecycle. To elucidate intrinsic relationship between genetic patterns M1 adaptive dynamics AIVs, this study focused on five major evolutionary conducted vitro vivo investigations from perspectives vRNP release after uncoating, polymerase activity, mRNA vRNA levels, nuclear export vRNPs, plasma membrane–binding capacity, proliferation growth competitiveness, transmission potential. results revealed strong correlation specific with P5 standing out particularly significant. This finding highlights pivotal influence gene replication thereby offering valuable insights into mechanisms driving differences evolution shifts within AIV population.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced Immunogenicity of Chicken H9N2 Influenza Inactivated Vaccine Through a Novel Dual-Targeting Fusion Protein Strategy

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 294 - 294

Published: March 10, 2025

Background/Objectives: Targeted delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) is an effective strategy for enhancing vaccine efficacy. Methods: In this study, dual-targeting fusion proteins (GRFT-VHH54 and GRFT-VHH74) were constructed by fusing Griffithsin (GRFT), algae-derived lectin with enveloped virus-binding properties, DC-specific binding nanobodies (VHH54 VHH74). Vaccines formulated combining the inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus these proteins, potential enhance vaccine-induced immunity in chickens was systematically evaluated. For parallel comparison, control groups included vaccines containing alone, immune enhancer CVCVA5, a commercial vaccine. Results: At 4 weeks post-immunization, vaccinated combined GRFT-VHH74 protein (1/2 H9+GRFT-VHH74) exhibited significantly enhanced humoral, mucosal, cellular responses compared those alone or (p < 0.05). Additionally, 1/2 H9+GRFT-VHH74 group resistance heterologous subtype virus, achieving 90% protection rate, which higher than that other groups. Conclusions: These results indicate has significant advancing development against influenza. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights immunogenicity efficacy targeting subtypes.

Language: Английский

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Development of an experimental model using cold stress to assess the pathogenicity of two Moroccan AI H9N2 isolates from 2016 and 2022 in commercial broiler chickens

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0320666 - e0320666

Published: April 4, 2025

Since 2016, low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 became a major issue for poultry production in Morocco. Even though the agent was classified as pathogenic, AI cause significant economic losses, particularly during co-infections. Experimentally, it has been difficult to reproduce clinical picture without appealing other viral or bacterial pathogens. Our study carried out evaluate new challenge model using cold stress commercial broilers infected with two Moroccan viruses isolated 2016 and 2022. One hundred twenty day-old chicks were divided into four groups: A, B, C exposed stress, D kept negative control. At 21 days of age, Groups A B challenged by oculo-nasal route 10 7 EID 50 strains, respectively Meanwhile, group only stress. The assessment body weight gain, signs, lesions, mortality, oropharyngeal shedding monitored 15 post-challenge. Results showed that exacerbated allowing us establish scoring system validate Gross microscopic induced primarily respiratory tract, peaked at 5 dpi significantly decreased dpi. Group harbored highest loads persisting beyond 11 both groups. This demonstrates clear difference among isolates; A/chicken/Morocco/178-2/2022(H9N2) increase virulence compared firstly isolate A/chicken/Morocco/SF1/2016(H9N2). novel will contribute better understanding LPAI pathogenesis epidemiology allow research closer field.

Language: Английский

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