Recognizing the Beauty of Myelination through Identifying Sites of Phospholipid, Protein, and RNA Syntheses and Characterizing Their Movements in Myelin Internodes DOI Open Access
Robert M. Gould, Alexander Gow

Published: May 10, 2024

We used light, electron microscope and teased fiber autoradiography to show that myelinating Schwann cells synthesize phospholipids proteins in perinuclear cytoplasm superficial cytoplasmic channels or Cajal bands (SCC/CB). Neither phospholipid nor protein syntheses occur paranodal loops, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures adaxonal cytoplasm. Autoradiographic studies also support of local synthesis, RNAs move from the nucleus into out along SCC/CB. Unlike other phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol synthesis occurs extensively axons. This finding indicates differences distributions synthesizing enzymes smooth endoplasmic reticulum cell processes axoplasm.Autoradiographs nerves at longer survival times tritiated phosphatidylcholine fucose-labeled glycoproteins synthetic sites outermost myelin lamellae. From there, spreads inward reaching innermost lamellae thicker sheaths days. Coupled with retention fucose outer is presence glycoprotein synthesized during early myelination inner sheaths, a result consistent growth out. In this review, we revisit these because they provide temporal spatial perspectives needed understanding dynamic aspects myelinogenesis how respond injury altered gene expression.

Language: Английский

CellSP: Module discovery and visualization for subcellular spatial transcriptomics data DOI Creative Commons
Bhavay Aggarwal, Saurabh Sinha

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Spatially resolved transcriptomics has made it possible to study the subcellular organization of mRNA, a critical aspect cellular function. However, there is dearth analytical tools identify and interpret functional significance spatial distribution patterns. To address this, we present CellSP, computational framework for identifying, visualizing, characterizing consistent patterns mRNA. CellSP introduces concept "gene-cell modules" uncover gene sets with non-random transcript distributions in many cells. provides intuitive visualizations captured offers insights into genes cells comprising each discovered module. We demonstrate that reliably identifies functionally significant modules across various tissues reveals changes associated phenotypic variation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Myelin: A possible proton capacitor for energy storage during sleep and energy supply during wakefulness DOI Creative Commons
A. Morelli, Ann Saada, Felix Scholkmann

et al.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

There are several physiological reasons why biological organisms sleep. One key one concerns brain metabolism. In our article we discuss the role of metabolism in myelin, based on recent discovery that myelin contains mitochondrial components enable production adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These probably originate from vesiculation membranes form derived vesicles (MDVs). We hypothesize acts as a proton capacitor, accumulating energy protons during sleep and converting it to ATP OXPHOS wakefulness. Empirical evidence supporting hypothesis is discussed, including data metabolic activity, MDVs, allometric scaling between white matter volume duration mammals.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Perspective Strategies for Interventions in Parkinsonism: Remedying the Neglected Role of TPPP DOI Creative Commons
Judit Oláh, Victor Norris, Attila Lehotzky

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 338 - 338

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Neurological disorders such as Parkinsonism cause serious socio-economic problems there are, at present, only therapies that treat their symptoms. The well-established hallmark alpha-synuclein (SYN) is enriched in the inclusion bodies characteristic of Parkinsonism. We discovered a prominent partner SYN, termed Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP), which has important physiological and pathological activities regulation microtubule network promotion SYN aggregation. role TPPP often neglected research, we here attempt to remedy. In normal brain, are expressed endogenously neurons oligodendrocytes, respectively, whilst, an early stage Parkinsonism, soluble hetero-associations these proteins found both cell types. cell-to-cell transmission proteins, central disease progression, provides unique situation for specific drug targeting. Different strategies intervention discovery biomarkers include (i) interface targeting SYN-TPPP hetero-complex; (ii) proteolytic degradation and/or using PROTAC technology; (iii) depletion by miRNA technology. also discuss potential roles phenotype stabilization oligodendrocytes.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Recognizing the Beauty of Myelination through Identifying Sites of Phospholipid, Protein, and RNA Syntheses and Characterizing Their Movements in Myelin Internodes DOI Open Access
Robert M. Gould, Alexander Gow

Published: May 10, 2024

We used light, electron microscope and teased fiber autoradiography to show that myelinating Schwann cells synthesize phospholipids proteins in perinuclear cytoplasm superficial cytoplasmic channels or Cajal bands (SCC/CB). Neither phospholipid nor protein syntheses occur paranodal loops, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures adaxonal cytoplasm. Autoradiographic studies also support of local synthesis, RNAs move from the nucleus into out along SCC/CB. Unlike other phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol synthesis occurs extensively axons. This finding indicates differences distributions synthesizing enzymes smooth endoplasmic reticulum cell processes axoplasm.Autoradiographs nerves at longer survival times tritiated phosphatidylcholine fucose-labeled glycoproteins synthetic sites outermost myelin lamellae. From there, spreads inward reaching innermost lamellae thicker sheaths days. Coupled with retention fucose outer is presence glycoprotein synthesized during early myelination inner sheaths, a result consistent growth out. In this review, we revisit these because they provide temporal spatial perspectives needed understanding dynamic aspects myelinogenesis how respond injury altered gene expression.

Language: Английский

Citations

1