Involvement of virus infections and antiviral agents in schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a chronic and complex mental disorder resulting from interactions between cumulative synergistic genetic environmental factors. Viral infection during the prenatal stage constitutes one of most relevant risk factors for development schizophrenia later in adulthood. Methods A narrative review was conducted to explore link viral infections schizophrenia, as well neuropsychiatric effects antiviral drugs, particularly context this specific condition. Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web Science databases. Results Several infections, such herpesviruses, influenza virus, Borna disease coronaviruses, can directly or indirectly disrupt normal fetal brain by modifying gene expression maternal immune system, thereby contributing pathophysiological symptoms schizophrenia. In addition, caused drugs are frequent represent significant adverse outcomes treatment. Conclusions Epidemiological evidence suggests potential relationship viruses Increases inflammatory cytokine levels changes key genes observed several may constitute links these Furthermore, antivirals affect central nervous although their mechanisms action still unclear, strong has not yet been established.

Language: Английский

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Potential Therapeutic Exploitation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 120 (GPR120/FFAR4) Signaling in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2501 - 2501

Published: March 11, 2025

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity not only in adults but also among children adolescents has become one the most alarming health problems worldwide. Metabolic disorders accompanying fat accumulation during pathological weight gain induce chronic low-grade inflammation, which, a vicious cycle, increases immune response through pro-inflammatory changes cytokine (adipokine) profile. Obesity decreases life expectancy, largely because obese individuals are at an increased risk many medical complications, often referred to as metabolic syndrome, which refers co-occurrence insulin resistance (IR), impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, premature ischemic heart disease. Metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute numerous diverse group cell surface transmembrane eukaryotes. Among GPCRs, researchers focusing on connection receptor 120 (GPR120), known free fatty acid 4 (FFAR4), with signaling pathways regulating inflammatory sensitivity. This review presents current state knowledge concerning involvement GPR120 anti-inflammatory signaling. Since both inflammation adipose tissue key obesity, there is rationale for development novel, GPR120-based therapies individuals. main associated introducing this treatment into clinical practice discussed.

Language: Английский

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Adiponectin and TNF-Alpha Differentially Mediate the Association Between Cystatin C and Oxidized LDL in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3001 - 3001

Published: March 25, 2025

In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), elevated levels of both plasma and urinary cystatin C (Cys-C) contribute to increased oxidation, which in turn accelerates the oxidation low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This process may worsen development atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease by promoting endothelial dysfunction inflammation. Despite its potential significance, relationship between Cys-C oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) T2DM remains poorly understood. study investigated ox-LDL patients. The cohort included 57 patients (mean age 61.14 ± 9.99 years; HbA1c 8.66 1.60% BMI 35.15 6.65 kg/m2). Notably, 95% had hypertension, 82% dyslipidemia, 59% an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 14% coronary artery (CAD), 5% a history stroke. Plasma were measured using ELISA. Adipokine cytokine multiplex® MAP Human Magnetic Bead Panels. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed significant positive (r = 0.569, p 0.0001 r 0.485, 0.0001, respectively). Multivariable regression indicated that independently associated ox-LDL, after adjusting for confounding factors (β 0.057, β 0.486, 0.003, Stepwise linear identified TNFα adiponectin as strongest predictors 0.382, 0.0001; r2 0.64), while alone was best predictor association 0.051, 0.005; 0.46). Furthermore, partly mediated explaining 18% variance this association. contrast, accounting 28% variance. emphasizes complex interaction T2DM. It highlights need additional research involving larger patient cohorts improve our understanding therapeutic conjunction managing complications

Language: Английский

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Coronary Artery Spasm: From Physiopathology to Diagnosis

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 597 - 597

Published: April 3, 2025

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a reversible vasoconstriction of normal or atherosclerotic epicardial coronary arteries with subsequent reduction in myocardial blood flow, leading to ischemia, infarction, severe arrhythmias, even sudden death. It an entity that should be recognized based on particular clinical presentation. Numerous differences exist between CAS and obstructive disease terms mechanisms, risk factors, therapeutic solutions. The gold standard for diagnosis represented by transitory occlusion the at provocation test, which consists intracoronary administration Ach, ergonovine, methylergonovine during angiography. pathophysiology not fully understood. However, core vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, circadian pattern. initiating event this contraction may endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, autonomic nervous system unbalance. Our study explores intricate balance these factors their relevance management CAS.

Language: Английский

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Why So Many People Are Overweight and Obese Today—A Finnish Perspective

Obesities, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 23 - 23

Published: April 17, 2025

An increasingly obese population has spread worldwide. But what causes so many people to be overweight or obese? Obesity is also one of the most significant public health problems in Finland, as obesity rate Finland increased over past two decades and now much higher than EU average, with every second Finn classified at least overweight. will used a case study, we have been monitoring fitness body weight Finnish recruits annually since 1970s therefore comprehensive reliable data use for period. This article review existing reports fields societal development focusing on Nordic countries. As far possible, different social phenomena discussed separate sections try find out if there something that could major cause this epidemic. give some suggestions done future slow down negative trend.

Language: Английский

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Chronic inflammation in obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: exploring the link in disease onset and progression

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Obesity–Epigenetics–Microbiome Axis: Strategies for Therapeutic Intervention

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1564 - 1564

Published: May 1, 2025

Obesity (OB) has become a serious health issue owing to its ever-increasing prevalence over the past few decades due contribution severe metabolic and inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer. The unbalanced energy metabolism in OB is associated with substantial epigenetic changes mediated by gut microbiome (GM) structure composition alterations. Remarkably, experimental evidence also indicates that OB-induced modifications adipocytes can lead cellular "memory" alterations, predisposing individuals weight regain after caloric restriction subsequently inducing pathways liver. Various environmental factors, especially diet, play key roles progression or prevention of OB-related modulating GM affecting mechanisms. Here, we will first focus on role aberrations development OB. Then, discuss association between abnormal alterations interplays epigenome Finally, review promising strategies, including prebiotics, probiotics, methyl-rich polyphenols, herbal foods for and/or treatment via their metabolites influencing epigenome.

Language: Английский

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Natural Compounds Exert Anti‐Obesity Effects by Regulating Cytokines

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Obesity, along with its associated health risks such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Type 2 diabetes, stroke, metabolic syndrome, asthma, and cancer, constitutes a significant global burden, contributing substantially to morbidity mortality. Cytokines, group of secreted signaling proteins, are crucial in initiating, maintaining, resolving immune responses. Although cytokines have unique advantages regulating functions, their therapeutic application for obesity remains limited clinical practice. Natural compounds, known structural diversity low toxicity, become valuable resource drug development. Many natural compounds shown anti‐obesity effects. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms underlying obesity, specific focus on roles cytokines, inflammatory adipokines, growth factors. Additionally, it highlights regulatory interactions between gut microbiota obesity. The critically analyzes current pharmacological interventions summarizes advanced methodologies identifying potential compounds. Finally, identifies promising that modulate cytokine activity prevent or treat assesses complementary alternative therapies.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and acylcarnitine derivates interplay with coronary artery disease

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 5, 2025

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is common in patients burdened with metabolic syndrome. Increased risk of cardiovascular associated abnormal levels acylated derivates carnitine. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible association between carnitine derivatives and coronary disease, including obese individuals. Twenty consecutive presenting dyspnea on exertion were enrolled prospective analysis for metabolomic profiling. They divided into two groups regarding CAD presence. Six (60%) men four (40%) women comprised group assigned as Group 1, while 6 4 normal arteries angiograms 2. Compared non-CAD group, was characterized by lower sum long-chain ACs (p = 0.024), short-chain 0.022), saturated fatty acids (SFA) 0.030) monounsaturated (MUFA) 0.022). Further subanalysis concerning patients' body mass index showed significant differences plasma 0.050) SFA but not 0.060), medium-ACs 0.758), long-chain-ACs 0.141), or MUFA 0.151). Our revealed acylcarnitine CAD.

Language: Английский

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Association of whole-body and regional body fat mass indexes with depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors in Korean adults: The moderating role of age

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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