Key parameters controlling surface quality and dimensional accuracy: a critical review of FFF process

Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(9), P. 963 - 984

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an additive manufacturing process, which constructs physical items by fused melt material, selectively deposited layer-by-layer through a heated extrusion mechanism. Parameters' selection and control in FFF are of utmost importance since they significantly affect the surface quality (SQ) dimensional accuracy (DA) printed parts. In present paper, initially, process briefly presented. Next, cause-and-effect diagram exhibits parameters' categorization with SQ DA manufactured Then, according to robust design theory, parameters divided into three classes, i.e., signal, control, noise. This classification supports appropriate printers, parameters, whereas it facilitates optimization parts, concerning signal parameters. Finally, impact each parameter on presented, supported extensive literature review. Overall, critical for DA. Therefore, should be adjusted achieve higher less post-processing work.

Language: Английский

---

FDM-based additive manufacturing of recycled thermoplastics and associated composites

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 758 - 784

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Fused filament fabrication parameter adjustments for sustainable 3D printing

Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(8), P. 933 - 940

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Sustainability denotes that energy consumption and its effects on society should also be considered at the early stages of a product idea, except for structure cost. Quality metrics fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printed parts as time, quality flexibility are crucial well-being production elements. This work analyses sustainability low-cost advocates good practices. By following recommended rules, viable components can produced eliminate material costs waste. It is essential to choose correct parameters prepare models will print. Careful choices must made during this pre-production phase because it determines how right sustainable final be. Of course, with experience failure prints, user becomes more flexible capable making judgments better sustainability.

Language: Английский

---

Advancing Plastic Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities in the Integration of 3D Printing and Distributed Recycling for a Circular Economy

Polymers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(19), P. 3881 - 3881

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

The concept of the circular economy has emerged as a promising solution to address mounting concerns surrounding plastic waste and urgent need for sustainable resource management. While conventional centralized recycling remains common practice waste, facilities may prove inadequate in handling ever-increasing volumes generated globally. Consequently, exploring alternative methods, such distributed by additive manufacturing, becomes paramount. This innovative approach encompasses actively involving communities practices promotes economy. comprehensive review paper aims explore critical aspects necessary realize potential manufacturing. In this paper, our focus lies on proposing schemes that leverage existing literature harness manufacturing an effective We intricacies process, optimize 3D printing parameters, challenges, evaluate mechanical properties recycled materials. Our investigation draws heavily from last five years, we conduct thorough assessment DRAM implementation its influence structures. Through analysis, reveal materials delivering functional components, with insights into their performance, strengths, weaknesses. serves guide those interested embracing transformative recycling. By fostering community engagement, optimizing processes, incorporating suitable additives, it is possible collectively contribute more future while combatting crisis. As progress made, essential further delve complexities material behavior, techniques, long-term durability printed components. addressing these challenges head-on, feasible refine advance viable pathway minimize cultivating cleaner planet generations come.

Language: Английский

---

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes

Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1162 - 1162

Published: March 2, 2021

The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity waste balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led increasing scientific interest developing new recycling processes plastic products. Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) is known have some enhanced properties as compared (PET) homopolymer; this recently attracted from fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing community. PET shown reduced ability repeated through traditional processes. Herein, we demonstrate potential using recycled PETG consecutive 3D manufacturing Distributed additive (DRAM)-oriented equipment was chosen order test mechanical and thermal response material Tensile, flexure, impact strength, Vickers micro-hardness tests were carried out six (6) cycles recycling. Finally, Raman spectroscopy well morphological analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography out. In general, results revealed minor knockdown effect on following process proposed herein, even after rounds

Language: Английский

---

Additive manufacturing of multifunctional polylactic acid (PLA)—multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites

Nanocomposites, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 184 - 199

Published: Jan. 2, 2021

In this work, an industrially scalable method was developed for the preparation of multifunctional nanocomposite filaments. Polylactic Acid (PLA) polymer matrix enriched with Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) at various concentrations, to fabricate 3D-printed parts by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology. The effect nanofiller loading mechanical, thermal, electrical, thermomechanical, and antibacterial performance novel nanocomposites fabricated in work investigated. filler 5 wt.% also tested reveal its electrothermal Joule heating performance. properties were examined through a screening process, against Escherichia coli (E. coli) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). For loadings 1 higher mechanical significantly improved. loaning showed measurable prepared herein can be characterized as materials, suitable industrial applications, such sensors fabrication, health monitoring devices, etc.

Language: Английский

---

Optimization of the Filler Concentration on Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Polypropylene with Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites

Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 3076 - 3076

Published: June 4, 2021

Polypropylene (PP) is an engineered thermoplastic polymer widely used in various applications. This work aims to enhance the properties of PP with introduction titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as nanofillers. Novel nanocomposite filaments were produced at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt.% filler concentrations, following a melt mixing extrusion process. These then fed commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer for preparation specimens, be assessed their mechanical, viscoelastic, physicochemical, fractographic properties, according international standards. Tensile, flexural, impact, microhardness tests, well dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flow volume index (MVR), atomic force (AFM), conducted, fully characterize concentration effect on printed material properties. The results revealed improvement nanocomposites increase amount, while microstructural processability was not significantly affected, which important possible industrialization reported protocol. showed that PP/TiO2 can novel system AM applications industry benefit from.

Language: Английский

---

Parameter effects and process modelling of Polyamide 12 3D-printed parts strength and toughness

Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(11), P. 1358 - 1369

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Polyamide 12 (PA12) is a high-performance polymeric material adopted by various industries for its thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. In this work, comprehensive examination of the impact three 3D printing (3DP) parameters, i.e., Nozzle Temperature (NT), Layer Height (LH), raster Deposition Angle (DA), on strength toughness Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3DP PA12 polymer studied. The general full factorial experimental methodology followed. parameters' effects were analyzed using descriptive analytic statistical tools, such as Box plots, interaction charts, ANOVA analysis. data depicted different spreads median values each parameter level regarding utilized responses, concluding that modeling process vital control optimization. Two predictive models, Quadratic Regression Model (QRM) an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are fitted responses predictions, i.e. static (σb), elastic modulus (E), (T). ANN performance was proven to be better than QRM, providing Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values. NT LH increase σb T medians spreads, while zero DA optimizes T.

Language: Английский

---

Plastic Waste Upcycling: A Sustainable Solution for Waste Management, Product Development, and Circular Economy

Polymers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(22), P. 4788 - 4788

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Plastic waste pollution, including non-biodegradable landfills, leaching of toxic chemicals into soil and waterways, emission gases the atmosphere, is significantly affecting our environment. Conventional plastic recycling approaches generally produce lower value materials compared to original or recover inefficient heat energy. Lately, upcycling valorization approach has emerged as a sustainable solution transform value-added products. In this review, we present an overview recent advancements in upcycling, such vitrimerization, nanocomposite fabrication, additive manufacturing, catalytic transformation, industrial biotechnology, envisaged with technical challenges, future developments, new circular economy opportunities.

Language: Английский

---

Multifunctional Material Extrusion 3D-Printed Antibacterial Polylactic Acid (PLA) with Binary Inclusions: The Effect of Cuprous Oxide and Cellulose Nanofibers

Fibers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 52 - 52

Published: June 10, 2022

In this work, we present an effective process easily adapted in industrial environments for the development of multifunctional nanocomposites material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing (3DP). The literature is still very limited field, although interest such materials constantly increasing. Nanocomposites with binary inclusions were prepared and investigated study. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used as matrix material, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) cellulose nanofibers (CNF) nanoadditives introduced to enhance mechanical properties induce antibacterial performance. Specimens built according international standards a thermomechanical process. Tensile, flexural, impact, microhardness tests conducted. effect on thermal through thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopic analysis morphological characteristics evaluated atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) analyses. performance nanomaterials studied against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, screening agar well diffusion method. All exhibited biocidal bacteria tested. tested PLA/1.0 CNF/0.5 Cu2O had 51.1% higher tensile strength 35.9% flexural than pure PLA material.

Language: Английский

---