A Co-extrusion Additive Manufacturing Process with Mixer Nozzle to Dynamically Control Blowing Agent Content and Print Functionally Graded Foams DOI Creative Commons
Karun Kalia, David O. Kazmer, A. Ameli

et al.

ACS Applied Engineering Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 625 - 635

Published: March 14, 2025

A unique approach to 3D-print functionally graded foams (FGFs) via dynamic control of the blowing agent content is demonstrated. The utilizes a co-extrusion additive manufacturing process equipped with static mixer nozzle (SMN) and thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) as foaming agent. consists two flow paths, one longer than other, facilitate feeding different filaments. It also layer multiplying elements (LME) for mixing incoming melt streams. first filament was polylactide acid loaded 8.0 wt % TEM (ePLA) be mixed second made neat PLA. filaments at various ratios successfully achieved, resulting in uniform cellular morphologies densities. choice path had significant effect on foam density. When ePLA fed through path, greater degree obtained due residence time. FGF flexural samples, printed this method, demonstrated superior mechanical performance compared their single density solid unfoamed counterparts. results reveal that provides capable method manufacture complex structures programmable profiles specific gravities varying between 0.43 1.21 g cm-3 demand.

Language: Английский

A Co-extrusion Additive Manufacturing Process with Mixer Nozzle to Dynamically Control Blowing Agent Content and Print Functionally Graded Foams DOI Creative Commons
Karun Kalia, David O. Kazmer, A. Ameli

et al.

ACS Applied Engineering Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 625 - 635

Published: March 14, 2025

A unique approach to 3D-print functionally graded foams (FGFs) via dynamic control of the blowing agent content is demonstrated. The utilizes a co-extrusion additive manufacturing process equipped with static mixer nozzle (SMN) and thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) as foaming agent. consists two flow paths, one longer than other, facilitate feeding different filaments. It also layer multiplying elements (LME) for mixing incoming melt streams. first filament was polylactide acid loaded 8.0 wt % TEM (ePLA) be mixed second made neat PLA. filaments at various ratios successfully achieved, resulting in uniform cellular morphologies densities. choice path had significant effect on foam density. When ePLA fed through path, greater degree obtained due residence time. FGF flexural samples, printed this method, demonstrated superior mechanical performance compared their single density solid unfoamed counterparts. results reveal that provides capable method manufacture complex structures programmable profiles specific gravities varying between 0.43 1.21 g cm-3 demand.

Language: Английский

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