A Comparative Study of the In Vitro Intestinal Permeability of Pinnatoxins and Portimine

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 26 - 26

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The pinnatoxins (PnTXs) and portimines, produced by Vulcanodinium rugosum, have been detected in several countries, raising concerns for human health. Although no poisoning from these toxins has reported so far, they shown to distribute throughout the rodent body after oral administration. Therefore, we investigated impact of PnTX analogs (PnTX-A, -E, -F, -G, -H) portimine (8, 16, 32 ng/mL) on intestinal barrier integrity their bioavailability using Caco-2 cell monolayers treated 2, 6, 24 h. Our results demonstrated that all could impair h, with differences observed PnTX-A, as well portimine, most potent all. While PnTX-A -E exhibited poor permeability, other PnTXs were more penetrative, a Papp > 1.5 × 10-6 cm·s-1. Portimine was only toxin displaying both time- concentration-dependent passage, likely involving passive diffusion process. experimental compared predictions obtained QSAR tools. qualitative, our suggest some compounds may be distributed body. Further vivo studies are required estimate potential public health concerns.

Language: Английский

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Structural Characterization of Pinnatoxin Isomers

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 103 - 103

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Pinnatoxins, a group of marine biotoxins primarily produced by the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, have garnered significant attention due to their potent toxic effects and widespread distribution in ecosystems. LC–MS analysis shellfish V. rugosum cultures revealed presence previously unidentified isomers pinnatoxins D, E, F, H, at levels approximately six times lower than those known isomers. The chemical structures these isopinnatoxins were determined using combination LC–MS/MS NMR spectroscopy, which demonstrated that isomerization each pinnatoxin occurred through opening recyclization spiro-linked tetrahydropyranyl D-ring form smaller tetrahydrofuranyl ring. acute toxicity isopinnatoxin E was intraperitoneal injection into mice found be significantly E. Given low abundance, it is unlikely contribute overall pinnatoxins.

Language: Английский

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First detection of the gymnodimine A isomer, 13-desmethylspirolide D and pinnatoxin G in mussels from Croatia's southern Adriatic Sea

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 215, P. 117888 - 117888

Published: April 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Detection of the Cyclic Imines Pinnatoxin G, 13-Desmethyl Spirolide C and 20-Methyl Spirolide G in Bivalve Molluscs from Great Britian

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 556 - 556

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Harmful algal biotoxins in the marine environment are a threat to human food safety due their bioaccumulation bivalve shellfish. Whilst official control monitoring provides ongoing risk management for regulated toxins live molluscs, no routine system is currently operation UK other non-regulated toxins. To assess potential presence of such compounds, systematic screen shellfish was conducted throughout Great Britain. A rapid dispersive methanolic extraction used with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis test fifteen cyclic imines and seven brevetoxins 2671 samples taken from designated harvesting areas around Britain during 2018. Out 22 incorporated into method, only pinnatoxin G, 13-desmethyl spirolide C 20-methyl G were detected, maximum concentrations 85.4 µg/kg, 13.4 µg/kg 51.4 respectively. follow up study G-positive examined its esterification fatty acids concluded that following hydrolysis, concentration increased by an average 8.6%, tentative identification these esters determined LC-HRMS. This highlights requirement emerging threats toxicological assessment studies.

Language: Английский

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The Cyclic Imine Core Common to the Marine Macrocyclic Toxins Is Sufficient to Dictate Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonism

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 149 - 149

Published: March 27, 2024

Macrocyclic imine phycotoxins are an emerging class of chemical compounds associated with harmful algal blooms and shellfish toxicity. Earlier binding electrophysiology experiments on nAChR subtypes their soluble AChBP surrogates evidenced common trends for substantial antagonism, affinities, receptor-subtype selectivity. Earlier, complementary crystal structures complexes showed that determinants within the nest at each subunit interface confer high-affinity toxin binding, while distinctive from flexible loop C, either capping or extending toward peripheral subsites, dictate broad versus narrow receptor subtype From these data, small spiroimine enantiomers mimicking functional core motif were chemically synthesized characterized. Voltage-clamp analyses involving three revealed preserved antagonism both enantiomers, despite lower specificity affinities faster reversibility compared macrocyclic relatives. Binding structural two AChBPs pointed to modest positional variability spiroimines, along a range loop-C conformations denoting prevalence antagonistic properties. These data highlight major contribution confirm need extended interaction network as established by toxins define high marked specificity. This study identifies minimal set pharmacophores templates designing new antagonists targeting disease-associated subtypes.

Language: Английский

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An Optimized Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 16 Lipophilic Marine Toxins Using LC–MS/MS with Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup in Seafood Matrices

Ocean Science Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(4)

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Investigation of Contamination Levels of CI Toxins in Imported Shellfish Products Available in South Korea

Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(5), P. 422 - 428

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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