Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13429 - 13429

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that represents the most common type of dementia. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge requires timely recognition and treatment. Currently, there no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may slow down its progression. The discovery AD biomarkers, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography cerebrospinal fluid molecules (amyloid-β tau) has advanced our understanding this been crucial identifying early neuropathologic changes prior to clinical cognitive decline. close interrelationship between eye suggests tears could be interesting source biomarkers studies in area are limited. identification will enable development cost-effective, non-invasive methods screening, diagnosis monitoring. In order use as standard method AD, future need conducted on larger scale.

Language: Английский

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The relationship between inflammation, impaired glymphatic system, and neurodegenerative disorders: A vicious cycle

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 106426 - 106426

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

The term "glymphatic" emerged roughly a decade ago, marking pivotal point in neuroscience research. glymphatic system, glial-dependent perivascular network distributed throughout the brain, has since become focal of investigation. There is increasing evidence suggesting that impairment system appears to be common feature neurodegenerative disorders, and this exacerbates as disease progression. Nevertheless, factors contributing dysfunction across most disorders remain unclear. Inflammation, however, suspected play role. Dysfunction can lead significant accumulation protein waste products, which trigger inflammation. interaction between inflammation cyclical potentially synergistic. Yet, current research limited, there lack comprehensive models explaining association. In perspective review, we propose novel model inflammation, impaired function, interconnected vicious cycle. By presenting experimental from existing literature, aim demonstrate that: (1) aggravates dysfunction, (2) exacerbated progression, (3) progression promotes Finally, implication proposed discussed.

Language: Английский

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Emerging evidence that ginseng components improve cognition in subjective memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimer's disease dementia

Journal of Ginseng Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(3), P. 245 - 252

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, those who consumed more than 5 years had reduced mortality cognitive decline compared to did not. Clinical have also shown that acute or long-term intake total extract improves working memory performance function in healthy individuals subjective impairment (SMI), mild (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia are taking AD medication(s). contains components ranging from classical ginsenosides polysaccharides recently described gintonin. However, it unclear which component(s) might be the main candidate contribute improvements prevent older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors tests introduces emerging evidence could novel candidates improvement individuals, improve SMI cognition exhibits add-on effects when co-administered drugs. The mechanism behind beneficial how presented. Additionally, shows can SMI, MCI, supplementary food and/or medicine, proposes combination therapy current medicines component(s).

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease and pain

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Clinical studies have revealed a significant correlation between pain and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, due to cognitive speech impairments, AD patients, especially those in moderate severe stages, are often overlooked management. The challenges obtaining pain‐related information from this population exacerbate the issue. Although recent clinical research has increasingly recognized comorbidity of pain, pathological alterations interactive mechanisms underlying relationship remain inadequately explored. This review provides comprehensive analysis features with without comorbidity. It examines processes, including neuroinflammation, peripheral‐central immune interactions, neurotransmitter dynamics. Furthermore, it highlights current assessment management strategies patients. By offering theoretical framework, aims support development effective approaches serve as reference for interventions targeting AD‐associated pain. Highlights CP encompasses multiple interrelated biological pathways, such neurodegeneration inflammatory responses. damage neurons synapses patients influences brain regions responsible processing thereby reducing response. Neuroinflammation plays vital role both CP. Enhanced responses an impact on CNS promote sensitization. Common exist CP, influencing cognition, emotion, perception.

Language: Английский

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Neuropsychological Assessment for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Dementia: Current Knowledge and New Insights

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 3442 - 3442

Published: June 12, 2024

Dementia remains an underdiagnosed syndrome, and there is a need to improve the early detection of cognitive decline. This narrative review examines role neuropsychological assessment in characterization changes associated with dementia syndrome at different states. The first section describes indicators decline major barriers their identification. Further, optimal screening conditions most widely accepted tests are described. second analyzes main differences performance between Alzheimer’s disease other subtypes dementia. Finally, current challenges aging/dementia future approaches discussed. Essentially, we find that research beginning uncover precede dementia, while continuing refine differential diagnosis neurodegenerative disorders cause However, neuropsychology faces several barriers, including cultural diversity populations, limited implementation public health systems, adaptation technological advances. Nowadays, plays fundamental characterizing stages but more efforts needed develop harmonized procedures facilitate its use clinical contexts protocols.

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Neuroregeneration Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2113 - 2113

Published: Sept. 17, 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent kind of dementia and a long-term degenerative disease. Pathologically, it defined by development extracellular amyloid-β plaques intracellular neurofibrillary tangles made up hyperphosphorylated tau protein. This causes neuronal death, particularly in hippocampus cortex. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been identified as possibly therapeutic promise for due to their regenerative characteristics. Methods: A systematic retrieval information was performed on PubMed. total 60 articles were found search mesenchymal cells, exosomes, 16 ongoing clinical trials searched added from clinicaltrials.gov. We 23 supporting help provide certain sections. In total, we included 99 this manuscript: 50 are review articles, 13 preclinical studies, trials, 4 observational studies. Appropriate studies isolated, important each them understood entered into database which used article. The Results: Several experimental investigations shown that MSC-Exo improves cognitive impairment rats. paper, summarized existing understanding regarding molecular cellular pathways behind MSC-Exo-based function restoration, with focus MSC-Exo’s potential treatment Conclusion: AD significant health issue our culture linked several neuropathological Exosomes generated such cells (MSCs) or neural (NSCs), examined more variety models, indicating they may be viable agents diverse disorders. Exosome yields increased, efficacy can improved using range tailored techniques conditions. It necessary standardized guidelines exosome manufacture carry out excellent research.

Language: Английский

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Parthenolide alleviates cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity via regulation of AMPK/GSK3β(Ser9)/Nrf2 signaling pathway

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 115909 - 115909

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the predominant age-related neurodegenerative disorder, for which efficacious treatment remains elusive. An auspicious avenue this lies in natural compounds sourced from tranditional medicine and plant origins. Parthenolide (PTN) is a product with multiple biological functionsand. Recent investigations have illuminated PTN's protective properties against neurological maladies; however, its potential therapeutic role AD uncharted. This study aims to explore of PTN treating AD. Our vitro findings underscore bioactivity, evidenced by capacity curtail apoptosis, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, restore mitochondrial membrane PC12 cells. Moreover, demonstrates ameliorate deficits spatial learning memory 3 ×Tg-AD murine model. Notably, efficacy surpasses that clinical agent, donepezil. Mechanistically, neuroprotective effects stem adept regulation AMPK/GSK3β(ser9)/Nrf2 signaling pathway protection on neuronal cells ROS-related apoptosis. Although molecular target pre-clinical evaluations need be further explored, indicates agent or lead compound drug development

Language: Английский

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Non-Invasive Retinal Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 283 - 283

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain associated with ageing and most prevalent form dementia, affecting an estimated 55 million people worldwide, projections suggesting this number will exceed 150 by 2050. With its increasing prevalence, AD represents significant global health challenge potentially serious social economic consequences. Diagnosing particularly challenging as it requires timely recognition. Currently, there no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may help slow progression. Existing diagnostic methods such magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission (PET), biomarker analysis in cerebrospinal fluid tend to be expensive invasive, making them impractical widespread use. Consequently, research into non-invasive biomarkers that enable early detection screening crucial area contemporary clinical investigation. One promising approach diagnosis retinal imaging. As extension central nervous system, retina offers distinctive opportunity structure function assessment. Considering their shared embryological origins vascular immunological similarities between eye brain, alterations indicate pathological changes including those specifically related AD. Studies suggest structural retina, within neuronal network blood vessels, act markers cerebral caused These have potential diagnosis. Since typically diagnosed only after loss has occurred, identifying could intervention prevent Non-invasive techniques, optical coherence (OCT) OCT angiography, provide accessible linked This review article focuses on Investigating connections processes significantly enhance diagnosis, monitoring, treatment AD, paving way new therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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DDL-920 mediated enhancement of γ-oscillations targeting γ-aminobutyric acid receptors: a novel therapeutic strategy to improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease

Neurology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 42 - 47

Published: March 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Framework for assessing the risk to a field from fraudulent researchers: A case study of Alzheimer's disease

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Abstract Concerns over research integrity are rising, with increasing attention to potential threats from untrustworthy authors. We established a framework gauge the negative influence of researchers potentially engaged in misconduct. The field Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been focal point these worries. This study aims assess risk posed by questionable studies or individuals engaging fraudulent science examining citation relationships among papers, taking AD as an illustrative example. Analysis network structure can elucidate propagation misinformation arising at author level. Our analysis revealed that there aren't any single authors papers whose connections jeopardize major portion field's literature. indicates low probability entities undermining majority works this area. However, our findings suggest most influential scientists is warranted. Some reach sizable minority literature through citations their work. Emphasizing oversight crucial, given on field. introduces analytical adaptable across various fields and disciplines evaluate risks fraudulence.

Language: Английский

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