Promoting validation and cross-phylogenetic integration in model organism research

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Model organism (MO) research provides a basic understanding of biology and disease due to the evolutionary conservation molecular cellular language life. MOs have been used identify understand function orthologous genes, proteins, cells tissues involved in biological processes, develop evaluate techniques methods, perform whole-organism-based chemical screens test drug efficacy toxicity. However, growing richness datasets rising power computation raise an important question: How do we maximize value MOs? In-depth discussions over 50 virtual presentations organized by National Institutes Health across more than 10 weeks yielded suggestions for improving rigor, validation, reproducibility translatability MO research. The effort clarified challenges opportunities developing integrating tools resources. Maintenance critical existing infrastructure implementation suggested improvements will play roles maintaining productivity facilitating validation animal models human disease.

Language: Английский

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Follicular development and ovary aging: single-cell studies

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 109(4), P. 390 - 407

Published: July 28, 2023

Abstract Follicular development is a critical process in reproductive biology that determines the number of oocytes and interacts with various cells within follicle (such as oocytes, granulosa cells, cumulus theca cells), plays vital role fertility health because dogma limited oogonia. Dysregulation follicular can lead to infertility problems other disorders. To explore physiological pathological mechanisms development, immunology-based methods, microarrays, next-generation sequencing have traditionally been used for characterization at tissue level. However, proliferation single-cell techniques, research has uncovered unique molecular individual masked by previous holistic analyses. In this review, we briefly summarize achievements limitations traditional methods study development. Simultaneously, focus on how understand level reveal relevant intervention targets. Moreover, also delineate application prospects research.

Language: Английский

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Neuroendocrine Consequences of Androgen Excess

Comprehensive physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3347 - 3369

Published: March 29, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine disorder strongly associated with androgen excess and frequently leading to female infertility. Although classically considered an ovarian disease, altered neuroendocrine control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the brain abnormal gonadotropin secretion may underpin PCOS presentation. Defective regulation GnRH pulse generation promotes high luteinizing (LH) pulsatile secretion, which turn overstimulates production. Early emerging evidence from preclinical models suggests that maternal programs abnormalities developing circuits are pathology, these sustained by postpubertal elevation endogenous levels. This article will discuss experimental evidence, clinic animal models, has significantly contributed our understanding how influences assembly maintenance impairments brain. Abnormal central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling been identified both patients as possible link between elevated GnRH/LH secretion. Enhanced GABAergic innervation drive suspected contribute pathogenesis early manifestation derangement PCOS. Accordingly, this also provides overview GABA neuron function prenatal development adulthood avenues for future discovery research therapeutic interventions. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3347-3369, 2022.

Language: Английский

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Key signalling pathways underlying the aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome

Journal of Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 255(1), P. R1 - R26

Published: Aug. 16, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition characterised by range of reproductive, endocrine, metabolic and psychological abnormalities. Reports estimate that around 10% women reproductive age are affected PCOS, representing significant prevalence worldwide, which poses high economic health burden. As the origin PCOS remains largely unknown, there neither cure nor mechanism-based treatments leaving patient management suboptimal focused solely on symptomatic treatment. However, if underlying mechanisms underpinning development were uncovered then this would pave way for new interventions PCOS. Recently, have been advances in our understanding pathways likely involved pathogenesis. Key insights include potential involvement androgens, insulin, anti-Müllerian hormone transforming growth factor beta This review will summarise scientific discoveries these factors enhanced knowledge discuss impact may shaping future effective strategies with

Language: Английский

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Intertwined reproductive endocrinology: Puberty and polycystic ovary syndrome

Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 127 - 136

Published: July 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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