Cutting-Edge iPSC-Based Approaches in Studying Host—Microbe Interactions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 10156 - 10156

Published: Sept. 21, 2024

Gut microbiota (GM), together with its metabolites (such as SCFA, tryptophan, dopamine, GABA, etc.), plays an important role in the functioning of central nervous system. Various neurological and psychiatric disorders are associated changes composition GM their metabolites, which puts them foreground a potential adjuvant therapy. However, molecular mechanisms behind this relationship not clear enough. Therefore, before considering beneficial microbes and/or therapeutics for brain disorders, underlying microbiota-host interactions must be identified characterized detail. In review, we summarize current knowledge alterations observed prevalent multiple sclerosis, major depressive disorder, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum experimental evidence to improve patients' quality life. We further discuss main obstacles study GM-host describe state-of-the-art solution trends field, namely "culturomics" enables culture identification novel bacteria that inhabit human gut, models gut blood-brain barrier well gut-brain axis based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) iPSC derivatives, thus pursuing personalized medicine agenda neuropsychiatric disorders.

Language: Английский

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Diversity of bacteria within the human gut and its contribution to the functional unity of holobionts

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 23, 2024

The composition of bacteria in the human colon has been a subject interest since beginning microbiology. With development methods for culturing strict anaerobic under multiple culture conditions, it was shown gut contained more than 400 bacterial species and different people harbor abundant species. term "gut microbiome" this review refers to studied stool samples. Molecular determining revealed 3000 less 130 genera, indicating that diversity colonic is concentrated at strain levels. This concludes with discussion how can lead unity individual holobionts, between populations. One reasons have similar functional genes.

Language: Английский

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Microfluidics for studying the deep underground biosphere: from applications to fundamentals

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100(12)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Abstract In this review, selected examples are presented to demonstrate how microfluidic approaches can be utilized for investigating microbial life from deep geological environments, both practical and fundamental perspectives. Beginning with the definition of underground biosphere conventional experimental techniques employed these studies, use systems accessing critical parameters in environments at microscale is subsequently addressed (high pressure, high temperature, low volume). Microfluidics simulate a range environmental conditions on chip, enabling rapid comprehensive studies behavior interactions subsurface ecosystems, such as simulations porous systems, among microbes/microbes/minerals, gradient cultivation. Transparent microreactors allow real-time, noninvasive analysis activities (microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR microspectroscopy, etc.), providing detailed insights into biogeochemical processes facilitating pore-scale analysis. Finally, current challenges opportunities expand methodologies studying monitoring real time under discussed.

Language: Английский

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Target-triggered dual signal amplification based on HCR-enhanced nanozyme activity for the sensitive visual detection of Escherichia coli

Analytical Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 496 - 502

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

The detection of foodborne pathogens is crucial for food hygiene regulation and disease diagnosis. Colorimetry has become one the main analytical methods in studying due to its advantages visualization, low cost, simple operation, no complex instrument. However, sensitivity limits applications early identification on-site trace analytes. In order overcome such a limitation, herein we propose joint strategy featuring dual signal amplification based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR) DNA-enhanced peroxidase-like activity gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) sensitive visual Escherichia coli. Target bacteria bound specifically aptamer domain capture hairpin probe, exposing trigger HCR forming extended double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) structures. catalytic capacity AuNPs can be enhanced significantly by dsDNAs with sticky ends being adsorbed rigidity causing spatial AuNP concentration. intensity enhancement was linearly related number target bacteria. With above strategy, limit our colorimetric method coli down 28 CFU mL-1 within short time (50 min). This study provides new perspective bacterial contamination foods.

Language: Английский

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Variations in microbiota populations in chronic periodontits patients compared to healthy controls

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Background Periodontitis is a common gum disease that affects the soft tissue surrounding teeth and may lead to deterioration of bone supports teeth. The composition saliva microbiota plays significant role in development progression periodontitis. Nonetheless, there lack information relating adults its correlation with Methods Saliva samples were collected from healthy patients chronic was comprehensively characterized by sequencing V3-V4 region 16S rRNA gene analyzed using established bioinformatics pipeline statistical analysis. Finally, metagenome predicted PICRUSt algorithm compared between groups. Results A increase biodiversity associated periodontitis detected. In our study, revealed abundance Streptococcus , Moryella Granulicatella Osenella Prevotella nanceiensis Neisseria oralis group. contrast, patients’ enriched Leptotrichia Filifactor Selenomonas Acholeplasma intermedia Porphyromonas endodontalis Rothia dentocariosa . showed higher carbohydrate metabolism transcription factors individuals, while cofactors, vitamins metabolism, glycan biosynthesis Conclusion Our study distinctive dysbiosis These findings present step understanding microbial aspects this have potential understand further intrinsic co-factors onset

Language: Английский

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Research progress in isolation and identification of rumen probiotics

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 21, 2024

With the increasing research on exploitation of rumen microbial resources, probiotics have attracted much attention for their positive contributions in promoting nutrient digestion, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, and improving production performance. In past two decades, macrogenomics has provided a rich source new-generation probiotic candidates, but most these "dark substances" not been successfully cultured due to restrictive growth conditions. However, fueled by high-throughput culture sorting technologies, it is expected that potential can be exploited large scale, applications medicine agriculture explored. this paper, we review summarize classical techniques isolation identification probiotics, introduce development droplet-based cell single-cell sequencing identification, finally promising cultureomics techniques. The aim provide technical references related technologies microbiological promote further field microbiology research.

Language: Английский

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Co-Culture of Gut Bacteria and Metabolite Extraction Using Fast Vacuum Filtration and Centrifugation

Methods and Protocols, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. 74 - 74

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

This protocol describes a robust method for the extraction of intra and extracellular metabolites gut bacterial mono co-cultures. In recent years, co-culture techniques employed in field microbiology have demonstrated significant importance regard to understanding cell-cell interactions, cross-feeding, metabolic interactions between different bacteria, fungi, microbial consortia which enable mimicking complex co-habitant conditions. highlights reproducible physiologically relevant culture bacterium. The novel steps are conducted without using quenching cell disruption through bead-cell methods, freeze-thaw cycles, sonication, tend affect physical biochemical properties intracellular secretome. procedure inoculated co-cultures monocultures use fast vacuum filtration centrifugation. methodology is fast, effective, robust, requiring 4 h complete.

Language: Английский

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Microbial culturomics: The next generation culture for identification of the human gastrointestinal microbiota

Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 2048 - 2063

Published: July 1, 2023

The maintenance of human health and the development disease are both significantly influenced by gut microbiota. omics technologies improves understanding microbial ecosystem. Metagenomics has emphasized diversity microbiome; however, it does not provide reliable insight on dark matter microorganisms or minor populations. As a result rebirth cultural techniques in microbiology; field "culturomics" is created to cultivate unidentified bacteria that reside inside gut. In 21st century's discipline clinical culturomics becomes promising strategy may be used hundreds novel linked human; thus, opening new insights host-microbial relationships. Novel taxa species will detected optimizing culture conditions; followed quick identification using mass spectrometry molecular next generation sequencing. Culturomics microbiota can as bactriotherapy for inflammatory bowel diseases respiratory illnesses like COVID-19, an immunomodulatory agent cancer therapy. Furthermore, big store discovering antibacterial agents resistance genes. aim this review was highlight background; methodologies, future use study

Language: Английский

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Heat Stress and Cultivable Intestinal Bacteria of Lehmann Brown Hens

AgriScience and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 359 - 365

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The use of genetic methods seems to have briefly pushed back the culture methods. Currently, a new technique developed based on latter – culturomics, enables discovery and study expanded bacterial diversity using large number conditions media. This aims investigate influence heat shock qualitative quantitative content cultivable gut bacteria Lehmann Brown chickens from “Arax” chicken factory.The (5 months old, weighing 1.4-1.7 kg) poultry factory in Armenia were transferred sterilized test room with necessary conditions. After four days maintenance environment (temperature 25 0C), fecal samples taken hens. that, hens kept at 35 0 C for day, followed by another sampling conducted day later. current investigations emphasized that hen microbiota undergo changes under stress.

Language: Английский

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