Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The development of the gut microbiome is crucial to human health, particularly during first three years life. Given its role in immune development, disturbances establishment process may have long term consequences. This review summarizes evidence for these claims, highlighting compositional changes this critical period life as well factors that affect development. Based on and animal data, we conclude early-life a determinant long-term impacting physiological, metabolic, processes. field faces challenges. Some challenges are technical, such lack standardized stool collection protocols, inconsistent DNA extraction methods, outdated sequencing technologies. Other methodological: small sample sizes, longitudinal studies, poor control confounding variables. To address limitations, advocate more robust research methodologies better understand microbiome's health disease. Improved methods will lead reliable studies deeper understanding impact outcomes.

Language: Английский

Complementary Feeding and Infant Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 743 - 743

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Background: The complementary feeding period, spanning from 6 to 24 months of age, marks the transition an exclusive liquid diet in infants a dietary pattern requiring introduction solid foods meet nutritional demands. Complementary coincides with other critical development windows, including maturation gut microbiome. However, effects specific on microbiota and subsequent influence health outcomes require further investigation. Methods: This narrative review analyzes published research January 2004 October 2024 aims summarize current evidence infant microbiota. Results: A total 43 studies were included this review. Overall, multiple reported increase alpha-diversity after food introduction. Bifidobacteriaceae is predominant bacterial family during first life, shifting Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Clostridium spp. foods. timing may also microbiota, though results inconclusive. effect individual components was conflicting, limited make inferences. Conclusions: Because variations study design, intake quantification, minimal follow-up, lack conclusive exists describing relationship between infants. Future describe these relationships should focus impact microbial diversity maturation, as well outcomes.

Language: Английский

The Impact of Chlorinated Drinking Water Exposure on Gut Microbiota Development in Infants: a Randomised Controlled Trial

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

ABSTRACT Background Early gut microbiota disruptions can increase the risk for dysbiosis and predispose to chronic diseases. While chlorinated drinking water is generally considered safe, antimicrobial effects of chlorine-based disinfectants may negatively impact developing infant microbiota, which particularly vulnerable during this critical period. This study investigates specific on microbiome in infants. Methods The waTer qUality Microbiome Study (TUMS) a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT). Six-month old infants (n=197) received either de-chlorinated (via benchtop filtration), or regular tap twelve months. Stool samples were collected at six-months (baseline) eighteen-months age. Metagenomic sequencing was used faecal analysis. Samples participant also pre- post-intervention. Results Participants balanced sex, delivery method, breast-feeding status time recruitment between control (n=98) treatment (n=99) groups. We total 170 baseline stool (83 group 87 group), 130 follow-up (65 65 group). Interindividual variation higher compared eighteen No significant differences overall community structure (beta diversity (p=0.35), richness (p=0.98) Shannon Index (p=0.45)) found However, 55 genera differentially abundant (adjusted p-value < 0.01), primarily within Firmicutes phylum. Analysis metabolic pathways revealed showed significantly abundance antibiotic resistance genes mostly attributable Escherichia Klebsiella species. Conclusion Water chlorination induces predominantly minor changes composition; but appears antibiotic-resistant genes. remains vital public health tool ensuring safe water, our findings underscore need continued research into potential increased suggest there be value exploring alternative disinfectant strategies.

Language: Английский