Apple Bitter Rot: Biology, Ecology, Omics, Virulence Factors, and Management of Causal Colletotrichum Species

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Apple bitter rot is caused by various Colletotrichum spp. that threaten apple production globally resulting in millions of dollars damage annually. The fungus causes a decline fruit quality and yield, eventually rotting the rendering it inedible. pathogen difficult to keep out orchards because its broad host range transmissibility rain splash insects. Once disease manifests, identification due evolving taxonomy similar morphology between species. Current management strategies are threatened an increase fungicide resistance regulations on many multisite fungicides, leading pressing need for new options control. This review aims summarise most current knowledge regarding biology, virulence factors, ecology, omics emerging species cause rot. species-Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Sordariomycetes, Order Glomerellales, Family Glomerellaceae, Genus Colletotrichum. Hemibiotrophic with wide establishes biotrophic interaction where penetrates plants using appressoria followed switch necrotrophy causing symptoms. Cercosporin, colletotrichins, colletotric acid, ferricrocin. varies but largely occurs dicotyledonous less prevalent monocots as well gymnosperms, ferns, mosses animals (e.g., insects). Symptoms often manifest flat sunken necrotic areas fruit. Lesions leaves can have concentric rings abundant sporulation. primarily managed single-site quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC), demethylation (DMI) dithiocarbamate phthalimide fungicides. Susceptibility may vary species, strain specificity, or geographic region. Other include clean stock production, cultural practices, breeding, biological control through introduction protective competing microorganisms.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Arsenal of Apple Bitter Rot Fungi: Comparative Genomics Identifies Candidate Effectors, CAZymes, and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Colletotrichum Species

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 493 - 493

Published: July 16, 2024

The bitter rot of apple is caused by Colletotrichum spp. and a serious pre-harvest disease that can manifest in postharvest losses on harvested fruit. In this study, we obtained genome sequences from four different species, C. chrysophilum, noveboracense, nupharicola, fioriniae, infect cause diseases other fruits, vegetables, flowers. Our genomic data were isolates/species have not yet been sequenced represent geographic-specific regions. Genome sequencing allowed for the construction phylogenetic trees, which corroborated overall concordance observed prior MLST studies. Bioinformatic pipelines used to discover CAZyme, effector, secondary metabolic (SM) gene clusters all nine isolates. We found redundancy high level similarity across species regarding CAZyme classes predicted cytoplastic apoplastic effectors. SM displayed most diversity type common cluster was one encodes genes involved production alternapyrone. study provides solid platform identify targets functional studies underpin pathogenicity, virulence, and/or quiescence be targeted development new control strategies. With these genomics resources, exploration via omics-based technologies using isolates will help ascertain biological underpinnings their widespread success geographic dominance specific areas throughout country.

Language: Английский

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Identification of specific genes as molecular markers for rapid and accurate detection of oil-tea Camellia anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum fructicola in China

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Introduction Camellia anthracnose is caused by multiple Colletotrichum species, resulting in severe yield losses of oil-tea . fructicola one the major pathogens worldwide. However, developing unique molecular markers for rapid and accurate detection from diverse as well early monitoring effective control disease, remains largely unexplored. Methods C. -specific genes were obtained using a BLAST search sequences predicted against genome fungal pathogens. In this study, developed among causing Results Using genomic DNA-based end-point PCR qPCR, three with ability to distinguish other anthracnose-related including camelliae, gloeosporioides , siamense belonging genus Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis Alternaria validated markers. addition, these highly sensitive detecting DNA extracted inoculated leaves Discussion These findings enable us rapidly uniquely detect disease which will equip farmers an tool field taking timely measurements advance.

Language: Английский

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PCR Based Assays for the Specific Detection of Colletotrichum species Causing Apple Bitter Rot in Korea

The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 298 - 305

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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