ATP Synthase Members of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis) Response to Plant Hormones

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 604 - 604

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

ATP synthase is a key enzyme in photophosphorylation photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation respiration, which can catalyze the synthesis of supply energy to organisms. has been well studied many animal species but poorly characterized plants. This research identified forty family members rubber tree, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, cis-elements, expression pattern were analyzed. These results indicated that mitochondria was divided into three subgroups chloroplast two subgroups, respectively. same subgroup shared similar structure. Evolutionary relationships consistent with introns exons domains, highly conserved patterns. A large number cis elements related light, phytohormones stress resistance present promoters genes trees, light signal accounts for most. Transcriptome qRT-PCR analysis showed HbATP synthases responded cold hormone stimulation, response ethylene most significant. HbMATPR3 strongly induced by salicylic acid, reaching 122-fold 17-fold, HbMATP7-1 41 times higher than control after induction jasmonic acid. laid foundation further studies on function synthase, especially plant signaling trees.

Language: Английский

Beyond Energy: How Small‐Molecule Sugars Fuel Seed Life and Shape Next‐Generation Crop Technologies

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 211(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Small‐molecule sugars, such as glucose, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose, are essential for seed germination, seedling establishment stress resilience. These sugars act both energy sources signalling molecules, regulating osmotic balance, gene expression critical metabolic pathways involved in early growth. Key enzymes, including α‐amylase ( AMY1 AMY2 ), hexokinase HXK1 ) sucrose‐phosphate synthase (SPS), facilitate carbohydrate mobilisation during fueling glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Hormonal interactions, particularly with gibberellins (GA) abscisic (ABA), integrate sugar metabolism developmental environmental cues. Sugar transport proteins, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET), Sucrose (SUT) Tonoplast (TST), ensure efficient distribution to growing tissues, whereas SNF1‐related kinase 1 (SnRK1) modulates growth responses, maintaining cellular homeostasis. Innovative treatments, priming, biopriming encapsulation, have proven effective improving germination rates, tolerance vigour by optimising regulation, activation microbial interactions. Sugar‐based treatments offer substantial potential enhancing crop productivity Future research should focus on refining these strategies, exploring sugar–hormone interactions using genomic tools advance improvement. Thus, small‐molecule hold transformative sustainable agriculture, providing a route enhance technology adaptability global challenges.

Language: Английский

The thylakoid membrane remodeling protein VIPP1 forms bundled oligomers in tobacco chloroplasts

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

The thylakoid membrane (TM) serves as the scaffold for oxygen-evolving photosynthesis, hosting protein complexes responsible light reactions and ATP synthesis. Vesicle inducing in plastid 1 (VIPP1), a key TM remodeling, has been recognized essential homeostasis. In vitro studies of cyanobacterial VIPP1 demonstrated its ability to form large homo-oligomers (2 MDa) manifesting ring-like or filament-like assemblies associated with membranes. Similarly, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii assembles into rods that encapsulate liposomes stacked spiral structures. However, nature chloroplasts, particularly Arabidopsis, remains uncharacterized. Here, we expressed Arabidopsis thaliana fused GFP (AtVIPP1-GFP) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chloroplasts performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A purified AtVIPP1-GFP fraction was enriched long filamentous tubule-like Detailed TEM observations fixed resin-embedded tissues identified situ appeared colocalize fluorescence. Electron tomography AtVIPP1 oligomers consisted bundled filaments near membranes, some which connected inner chloroplast envelope at their contact sites. observed bundles were never detected wild-type but vipp1 mutants expressing AtVIPP1-GFP. Taken together, propose are dominant represent static state vivo.

Language: Английский