Predictive Biomarkers and Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Solid Tumors

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 9659 - 9659

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in solid tumors such as melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung (NSCLC), endometrial carcinoma, renal (RCC), or urothelial (UC) include programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), defective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair (dMMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and the microenvironment (TME). Over past decade, several types of ICIs, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, anti-programmed (PD-1) antibodies, anti-lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) antibodies have been studied approved by Food Drug Administration (FDA), with ongoing research on others. Recent studies highlight critical role gut microbiome influencing a positive therapeutic response to emphasizing importance modeling factors that can maintain healthy microbiome. However, resistance mechanisms emerge, increased expression alternative checkpoints, T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig), mucin domain-containing 3 (TIM-3), LAG-3, impaired antigen presentation, alterations TME. This review aims synthesize data regarding interactions between microbiota immunotherapy (IT). Understanding these is essential optimizing ICI therapy developing effective combination strategies.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Onset and Progression of Obesity and Associated Comorbidities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 12321 - 12321

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

Obesity, a global public health problem, is constantly increasing, so the concerns in preventing and combating it are increasingly focused on intestinal microbiota. It was found that microbiota different lean people compared to obese individuals, but exact mechanisms by which energy homeostasis influenced still incompletely known. Numerous studies show involvement of certain bacterial species promoting obesity associated diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, etc. Our aim summarize main findings regarding influence several factors lifestyle changes, including diet bariatric surgery, diversity gut individuals. The second purpose this paper investigate potential effect various modulation techniques ameliorating its comorbidities. A literature search conducted using PubMed database, identifying articles published between 2019 2024. Most identified suggest generally with alterations microbiome decreased microbial diversity, an increased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, SCFAs levels. also indicate could represent novel strategy treating related metabolic diseases. Although some (e.g., inflammation or hormonal regulation) already considered powerful connection development, further research needed enhance knowledge particular topic.

Language: Английский

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Navigating beyond associations: Opportunities to establish causal relationships between the gut microbiome and colorectal carcinogenesis

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(8), P. 1235 - 1247

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Confrontation of the ambivalent roles of the intestinal microbiota in carcinogenesis: Oncogenic or anticancer agents?

Journal Of Advanced Pharmacy Education And Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 16 - 30

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Gut Mycobiome: Latest Findings and Current Knowledge Regarding Its Significance in Human Health and Disease

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 333 - 333

Published: April 22, 2025

The gut mycobiome, the fungal component of microbiota, plays a crucial role in health and disease. Although fungi represent small fraction ecosystem, they influence immune responses, homeostasis, disease progression. mycobiome’s composition varies with age, diet, host factors, its imbalance has been linked to conditions such as inflammatory bowel (IBD) metabolic disorders. Advances sequencing have expanded our understanding fungi, but challenges remain due methodological limitations high variability between individuals. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including antifungals, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary interventions, show promise require further study. This review highlights recent discoveries on interactions bacteria, disease, potential clinical applications. A deeper contributions will help develop targeted microbiome-based therapies.

Language: Английский

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A Proteogenomic Approach to Unveiling the Complex Biology of the Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10467 - 10467

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

The complex biology of the microbiome was elucidated once genomics era began. proteogenomic approach analyzes and integrates genetic makeup (genomics) microbial communities′ expressed proteins (proteomics). Therefore, researchers gained insights into gene expression, protein functions, metabolic pathways, understanding dynamics behavior, interactions with host cells, responses to environmental stimuli. In this context, our work aims bring together data regarding application genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics in research provide new perspectives for applying microbiota modulation clinical practice maximum efficiency. This review also synthesizes from literature, shedding light on potential biomarkers therapeutic targets various diseases influenced by microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Simplified methods for variance estimation in microbiome abundance count data analysis

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

The complex nature of microbiome data has made the differential abundance analysis challenging. Microbiome counts are often skewed to right and heteroscedastic (also known as overdispersion), potentially leading incorrect inferences if not properly addressed. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective framework tackle challenges by integrating Poisson (log-linear) regression with standard error estimation through Bootstrap method Sandwich robust estimation. Such estimates accurate yield satisfactory inference even distributional assumption or variance structure is incorrect. Our approach validated extensive simulation studies, demonstrating its effectiveness in addressing overdispersion improving accuracy. Additionally, apply our two real datasets collected from human gut vagina, respectively, wide applicability methods. results highlight efficacy covariance estimators analysis. corresponding software implementation publicly available at https://github.com/yimshi/robustestimates .

Language: Английский

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Bacterial oncolytic therapy as a novel approach for cancer treatment in humans

Cancer Treatment and Research Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 100892 - 100892

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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