Structural characteristics, functions, and counteracting strategies of biofilms in Staphylococcus aureus

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27, P. 488 - 500

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a prevalent pathogen associated with wide range of infections, exhibiting significant antibiotic resistance and posing therapeutic challenges in clinical settings. The formation biofilms contributes to the emergence resistant strains, further diminishing efficacy antibiotics. This, turn, leads chronic recurrent ultimately increasing healthcare burden. Consequently, preventing eliminating has become critical focus management research. This review systematically examines mechanisms underlying biofilm S. its contribution resistance, emphasizing essential roles play maintaining structural integrity enhancing resistance. It also analyses protective that fortify against antimicrobial treatments. Furthermore, provides comprehensive overview recent innovations, including enzymatic therapy, nanotechnology, gene editing, phage therapy. Emerging strategies present novel approaches combat biofilm-associated infections through various mechanisms. discusses advancements these therapies, their practical application, an in-depth analysis each strategy's potential. By mapping future research directions, this aims refine anti-biofilm control infection progression effectively mitigate recurrence.

Language: Английский

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Biofilm-Mediated Infections; Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Early Detection and Treatment of Biofilm-Associated Infections

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107497 - 107497

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A Narrative Review of Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Hip and Knee: Risk Factors, Microbiological Profiles, and Treatment Challenges

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 206 - 206

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Fungal periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare but increasingly recognized complications following total arthroplasty (TJA). While Candida albicans remains the most common pathogen, non-albicans species and other fungi, such as Aspergillus, have gained prominence. These often present with subtle clinical features affect patients significant comorbidities or immunosuppression. Compared to bacterial PJIs, fungal pose unique diagnostic therapeutic challenges, including biofilm formation, limited antifungal susceptibility, protracted treatment courses. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence from research articles review/metanalysis papers, focusing on PJIs. The literature search encompassed publications 2015 2024, identifying key insights epidemiology, risk factors, microbiological profiles, methods, strategies, outcomes. Both classical references recent studies addressing emerging biomarkers biofilm-active therapies were included. It was shown that C. primary pathogen in PJIs fungi associated more complex scenarios, higher recurrence rates, reduced infection-free survival. Patients commonly exhibit multiple comorbidities, compromised immune status, previous prosthetic revisions. Diagnosis is complicated by slow-growing organisms nonspecific inflammatory markers, prompting interest novel diagnostics alpha-defensin, calprotectin, next-generation sequencing. Two-stage revision arthroplasty, supplemented prolonged targeted therapy, considered gold standard for chronic infections, although outcomes remain inferior Emerging antifungal-impregnated beads biofilm-disrupting agents, may improve local infection control. In conclusion, constitute a challenging entity demanding tailored approaches. Further into standardized criteria, optimized regimens, biomarker validation, refined surgical strategies essential. Multidisciplinary collaboration, enhanced patient optimization, innovative biofilm-directed hold promise improving reducing burden of

Language: Английский

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The Hidden Fortress: A Comprehensive Review of Fungal Biofilms with Emphasis on Cryptococcus neoformans

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 236 - 236

Published: March 19, 2025

Biofilms are structurally organized communities of microorganisms that adhere to a variety surfaces. These produce protective matrices consisting polymeric polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and/or lipids promote shared resistance various environmental threats, including chemical, antibiotic, and immune insults. While algal bacterial biofilms more apparent in the scientific zeitgeist, many fungal pathogens also form biofilms. surprisingly common morphologically distinct from multicellular molds mushrooms normally associated with fungi instead an assemblage single-celled organisms. As collection yeast filamentous cells cloaked extracellular matrix, extreme threat public health, especially conjunction surgical implants. The encapsulated yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans, is opportunistic pathogen causes both pulmonary disseminated infections, particularly immunocompromised individuals. However, there emerging trend cryptococcosis among otherwise healthy C. neoformans forms diverse environments, within human hosts. Notably, biofilm association correlates increased expression multiple virulence factors host defenses antifungal treatments. Thus, it crucial develop novel strategies combat In this review, we discuss development treatment biofilms, particular focus on neoformans.

Language: Английский

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Viscosupplementation and Synovial Fluid Rheology: A Hidden Risk for Bacterial Biofilm Formation in Joint Infections?

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 700 - 700

Published: March 21, 2025

Synovial fluid (SF) plays a critical role in joint lubrication, load distribution, and maintaining homeostasis within the synovial cavity. Its rheological properties, primarily influenced by hyaluronic acid (HA) other macromolecules, are essential for normal function. However, alterations physicochemical characteristics of SF can occur due to septic conditions, including arthritis (SA) periprosthetic infections (PJIs), which significantly impact health. Bacterial colonization infected joints often leads formation biofilms, microbial aggregates encased an extracellular matrix, confer resistance antibiotics host immune responses. Biofilm SF-altered environments is major challenge treating infections, particularly patients with prosthetic implants. Viscosupplementation, through intra-articular injections, has been widely used restore viscosity function degenerative diseases. More recently, polyacrylamide (PAA)-based gels have emerged as alternative viscosupplementation strategy. concerns raised regarding potential viscosupplements on biofilm bacterial adhesion joints, changes composition may influence persistence. This review aims assess interaction between pathologies, examining effects HA PAA rheology adhesion. Understanding these interactions crucial optimizing therapeutic strategies mitigating risk biofilm-associated undergoing viscosupplementation.

Language: Английский

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Photocatalysis and Photodynamic Therapy in Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) Care: A Novel Approach to Infection Control and Tissue Regeneration

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(11), P. 2323 - 2323

Published: May 26, 2025

Photocatalysis and photodynamic therapy have been increasingly used in the management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), their integration into innovative treatment protocols enables effective infection control. Advanced techniques such as antibacterial (aPDT), liposomal photocatalytic carriers, nanoparticles, nanomotors—used alone, combination, or with addition antibiotics, lysozyme, phage enzymes—offer promising solutions for wound treatment. These approaches are particularly even presence comorbidities angiopathies, neuropathies, immune system disorders, which common among patients. Notably, use combination therapies holds great potential addressing challenges within ulcers, including hypoxia, poor circulation, high glucose levels, increased oxidative stress, rapid biofilm formation—factors that significantly hinder healing The modern therapeutic strategies is essential clinical practice, starting halting progression, ensuring its eradication, promoting proper tissue regeneration, especially considering that, according to WHO, 830 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Prevention and Modern Strategies for Managing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Infections in Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJIs)

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1151 - 1151

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a dangerous complication of replacement surgeries which have become much more common in recent years (mostly hip and knee surgeries). Such condition can lead to many health issues often requires reoperation. Staphylococci is bacterial group most terms the pathogens causing PJIs. S. aureus coagulase-negative staphylococci found around two-thirds PJI cases. Recently, numbers that cause such methicillin-resistant increasing. This trend leads difficulties treatment prevention infections. That why MRSA MRSE groups require extraordinary attention when dealing with PJIs order successfully treat them. Controlling carriage, using optimal prosthetic materials, implementing perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis crucial strategies infection as essential quick diagnosis effective targeted treatment. The comprehensive professional procedures presented this review show how deal

Language: Английский

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Safety of Intraoperative Cell Salvage in Two-Stage Revision of Septic Hip Arthroplasties

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 902 - 902

Published: Sept. 21, 2024

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) during reimplantation in two-stage revision septic hip arthroplasties. (2) Methods: As part an internal quality control study, blood cultures were taken from processed ICS and examined for possible bacterial load (study group). Due a high rate detection with uncertain clinical significance, consecutive samples also patients undergoing aseptic arthroplasty (control Microbiological samples, patient surgical characteristics follow-up data analyzed retrospectively. (3) Results: 9 out 12 (75%) group 5 8 (63%) had positive cultures. There no significant difference between groups (p = 0.642). initial pathogens causing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) not detected, but spectrum resembled skin flora, proportion coagulase-negative staphylococci. No complications due bloodstream-associated infections observed. In summary, detected interpreted as contamination without significance. (4) Conclusions: context considered safe recommendable procedure optimize management.

Language: Английский

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