Transfer of Bacteria From Mothers to Infants Through Breast Milk: A Systematic Review

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

There is a critical early window during infancy for establishing the intestinal microbiota. Increasing evidence shows that breast milk (BM) harbors its own distinct However, extent of contribution to infant microbiota remains unclear. A systematic search was done identify original studies investigating transfer bacteria from mothers infant’s intestine through BM in first 2 years life. We identified 56 total 2509 children, 3481 and 4635 stool samples. Many reported higher bacterial diversity compared with Most found overlap between mother-infant pairs unrelated pairs. It estimated contribute anywhere 1% 68% bacteria. This large variation explained by high degree methodological heterogeneity studies, both analysis estimation overlapping bacteria, including different taxonomic levels analyzed. Several week life later time points. Genera were most frequently include Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Escherichia/Shigella Bacteroides. In total, identical strains isolated 25 species. The weeks are shaping microbiota, but role as source microbial transmission requires further investigation. relationship poorly understood, hindered variability risk cross-contamination collection. Future research should focus on clarifying origins quantifying

Language: Английский

Optimization of metagenomic detection method for human breast milk microbiome

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Abstract This study aims to optimize the metagenomic detection methodology of human breast milk microbiome and analyze its composition. Twenty-two samples were collected from left right sides lactating women during re-examinations at Haidian Maternal Child Health Hospital, Beijing. Microbial cell wall disruption parameters optimized, a nucleic acid extraction method was developed construct microbial DNA/RNA library. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) performed, composition analyzed using k- mer Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) with self-generated database constructed via Kraken2 software. Data showed Q20 > 95% Q30 90%, an average total data volume 5,567 ± 376.6 Mb non-human sequence 445.1 63.75 Mb, significantly enhancing efficiency. The included 21 phyla, 234 genera, 487 species, Firmicutes Proteobacteria as dominant phyla. Predominant genera Staphylococcus Streptococcus , major species aureus bradystis epidermidis . Species levels exhibited significant variations among different individuals. profiles left- right-sided consistent phylum, genus, levels. In addition common bacteria, diverse viral, eukaryotic, archaeal sequences detected. refined methods for microbiota. Specific flora colonization occurred in healthy milk, exhibiting both correlations distinct environments. Importance Breast is vital source nutrition immunity infants, playing critical role shaping neonatal gut supporting early development. However, technical challenges detecting microorganisms milk’s complex, lipid-rich environment have limited understanding diversity function these communities. optimized communities mothers, identifying wide array viruses, eukaryotes, archaea. Key bacterial such predominant, specific inter-individual variability. Additionally, revealed yet correlated environments breasts. These findings advance microbiota provide foundation exploring implications maternal infant health.

Language: Английский