Antimicrobial Resistance in Pig Farming: Prevalence, Transmission Dynamics, Genetic Determinants, and Policy Implication in Tanzania
Abstract
Antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
poses
a
critical
global
health
threat,
impacting
human,
animal,
and
environmental
health.
Pigs
act
as
significant
reservoirs
for
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
pathogens;
however,
there
is
limited
data
regarding
their
role
in
AMR
transmission
Tanzania.
This
study
synthesizes
existing
on
the
prevalence,
profiles,
genetic
determinants
of
MDR
pathogens
pigs,
assesses
pathways
evaluates
Tanzania’s
policies
comparison
to
regional
strategies.
A
systematic
review
peer-reviewed
literature,
government
reports,
case
studies
focuses
bacteria,
including
Escherichia
coli,
Salmonella
spp.,
Campylobacter
Enterococcus
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus
(MRSA).
E.
coli
demonstrated
prevalence
up
73.1%
51.6%
multidrug
resistance,
while
spp.
exhibited
notable
tetracyclines,
beta-lactams,
quinolones.
Key
genes,
such
blaCTX-M,
tetM,
ermB,
mecA,
vanA,
were
identified,
highlighting
potential
horizontal
gene
transfer
zoonotic
transmission.
Major
routes
include
direct
contact,
foodborne
exposure,
contamination.
surveillance
pig
farming
limited,
with
weak
enforcement
antibiotic
regulations
absence
coordinated
national
monitoring
system.
Comparative
policy
analysis
reveals
gaps,
calling
stricter
control,
improved
monitoring,
public
education.
One
Health
approach
crucial,
integrating
veterinary,
health,
interventions.
Strengthening
collaboration
aligning
standards
essential
effectively
combat
growing
threat.
Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 6, 2025
Language: Английский